Abstract: The purpose of the study is to improve the internal quality,overall performance and safety margin of the large-scale reactor pressure vessel materials,to meet the requirements of the reactor pressure vessel macro-sized,integrated and long-lifetime on the special property of its structural materials.This paper covers the followings: the structure,function,service conditions,and manufacturing process characteristics of modern reactor pressure vessel and the special requirements on its material,and the research and development of domestic and foreign modern large-scale reactor pressure vessels.This paper mainly summarizes the experimental study on nuclear application,manufacturing process and the achievement of the performance improvement of domestic and foreign modern large-scale reactor pressure vessel materials,analyzes the engineering value of the above research results,and gives the guidance and suggestion on the improvement of the materials of the domestic large-scale reactor pressure vessels,the operation of manufacturing processes and the overall performance improvement.