Abstract: Radiation Safety is of great importance for the combat effectiveness of nuclear-powered ships, while overemphasis on radiation safety could influence the performance of carriers negatively. As a result, the optimization of radiation protection is the crucial task in the design of nuclear-powered ships. To achieve this goal, the system of radiation safety for nuclear-powered ships is constructed. The function, main problems to be considered, the control index, the relations and cooperation from inside and outside is analyzed.