Study on Selection of Internal Initiating Events of Small Natural Circulation Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor
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摘要: 始发事件是铅基反应堆确定论安全分析和概率安全评价的起点和基础，对反应堆优化设计和安全运行具有重要指导作用。本文基于小型自然循环铅基快堆SNCLFR-100当前的设计方案，参考其他先进快堆始发事件选取经验，以广义“堆芯熔化”作为顶层目标事件，采用主逻辑图（MLD）方法推导其内部始发事件，最后得到一组较完整的内部始发事件清单。本文研究可为自然循环铅基快堆安全分析工作的开展提供理论依据。Abstract: The initiating events, as the starting point and basis for the deterministic safety analysis and probabilistic safety assessment of the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR), provide important guidance on the design optimization and safe operation of reactors. This paper, based on the current design scheme of the small natural circulation lead-cooled fast reactor SNCLFR-100 and by reference to the experience of selecting initiating events of other advanced fast reactors, with the generalized “core melting” taken as the top target event, provides the internal initiating events of SNCLFR-100 by deduction in the master logic diagram (MLD) method, which form a relatively complete list of internal initiating events. This study thus can provide a theoretical basis for the safety analysis of natural circulation LFRs.
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图 2 SNCLFR-100非能动余热排出系统示意图
1—堆芯：2—铅冷池；3—铅热池；4—主热交换器；5—主容器；6—安全容器；7—热空气上升通道；8—圆柱形热隔离层；9—冷空气下降通道；10—堆坑；11—烟囱；12—安全壳
Figure 2. Schematic View of Passive Residual Heat Removal System of SNCLFR-100
图 4 反应性及功率分布异常事件MLD图
Figure 4. MLD of Reactivity and Power Distribution Anomaly Events
表 1 SNCLFR-100主要设计参数
Table 1. Main Design Parameters of SNCLFR-100
参数名 参数值 热功率/电功率/MW 100/40 一回路系统冷却剂 铅 一回路系统循环方式 全功率池式自然循环 堆芯进/出口温度/℃ 400/480 堆芯冷却剂流量/(kg·s−1) 8528 燃料 钚铀氧化物（MOX） 包壳材料 T91 二回路系统循环方式 强迫循环 二回路冷却剂 水 二回路进/出口温度/℃ 330/457 余热排出系统 反应堆容器空气冷却系统
（RVACS）
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表 2 SNCLFR-100设计特征对内部始发事件选取影响
Table 2. Influence of SNCLFR-100 Design Features on Selection of Internal Initiating Events
设计特征 影响 液态铅冷却 液态铅对结构材料具有强腐蚀；
受辐照后产生剧毒放射性核素210Po；
高密度对堆内组件产生强浮力；
对堆抗震性能提出了较大挑战一回路全功率池式自然循环 易于发生冷却剂热分层现象；
冷却剂流速低，易诱发堵流事故非能动余热排出 驱动力较弱，物理过程和设备失
效可能诱发系统功能失效
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表 3 SNCLFR-100/ALFRED/M2LFR-1000设计特征对比
Table 3. Comparison of Design Features of SNCLFR-100, ALFRED and M2LFR-100
对比项目 SNCLFR-100 ALFRED M2LFR-1000 一回路结构形式 池式 池式 池式 堆型 快堆 快堆 快堆 一回路系统冷却剂 铅 铅 铅 二回路系统冷却剂 水 水 水 燃料类型 MOX MOX UO2 堆芯特性 自持临界 自持临界 自持临界 热功率/MW 100 300 1000 一回路冷却剂循环方式 自然循环 强迫循环 强迫循环 正常热传方式 空冷塔 汽轮机发电 空冷塔 燃料组件形式 闭式四边
形组件闭式六边
形组件闭式六边
形组件非能动余热排出方式 RVACS 事故余热
热交换器+
RVACS事故余热
热交换器+
RVACS
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