Study on Analysis and Optimization Design Method of Sealing Characteristics of Spring Metal C-ring
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摘要: 为完善弹簧金属C形环密封特性分析及设计方法，通过建立精细化分析模型，对压缩回弹特性曲线进行精确模拟，并通过试验数据验证数值方法的有效性和正确性；此外，采用试验设计方法开展结构参数敏感性系统分析，深入研究设计参数对密封特性的交互影响规律；并基于多岛遗传算法（MIGA）建立优化模型，对关键参数进行优化设计研究。研究结果表明，压缩回弹特性曲线模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好，且数值方法具有非常好的稳定性；弹簧丝直径、密封层和包覆层厚度对密封面接触压力特性产生重要影响，但弹簧丝直径不宜过大或过小；采用本文所建立的优化模型及方法，可以快速获得关键参数的最优组合，有效提高密封性能。Abstract: To improve the analysis and design method of spring metal C-ring sealing characteristics, by establishing a fine analysis model, the compression and rebound characteristic curve is accurately simulated, and the effectiveness and correctness of the numerical method are verified by the test data; In addition, the sensitivity of structural parameters is systematically analyzed by test design method, and the interaction law of design parameters on sealing characteristics is deeply studied; the optimization model is established based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA), and the optimization design of key parameters is studied. The results show that the simulation results of compression and rebound characteristic curve are in good agreement with the test data, and the numerical method has very good stability; The diameter of spring wire, the thickness of sealing layer and cladding layer have an important influence on the contact pressure characteristics of sealing surface, but the diameter of spring wire should not be too large or too small; Using the optimization model and method established in this paper, the optimal combination of key parameters can be obtained quickly and the sealing performance can be improved effectively.
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Key words:
- C-ring /
- Compression and rebound /
- Sealing characteristics /
- Genetic algorithm /
- Optimization design
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图 1 C形环结构示意图
t1—密封层厚度；t2—包覆层厚度；S—弹簧丝节距；d—弹簧丝径；D1—弹簧中径；D2—密封环直径
Figure 1. Structure Diagram of C-ring
图 4 1.0 mm初始压缩量下的密封环变形情况
Figure 4. Deformation of Sealing Ring under Initial Compression of 1.0 mm
图 5 压缩回弹特性曲线试验与模拟结果对比
Figure 5. Comparison of Compression and Rebound Characteristic Curves Obtained by Test and Simulation Respectively
图 6 不同匝数模型密封特性曲线对比
Figure 6. Comparison of Sealing Characteristic Curves of Models with Different Spring Turns
图 7 不同匝数模型应力分布
Figure 7. Stress Distribution Obtained by Models with Different Spring Turns
图 9 Pareto图（各因子对响应的影响程度）
Figure 9. Pareto Graph（Influence Degree of Each Factor on Response）
图 10 主效应图（各因子对响应的影响趋势）
Figure 10. Main Effect Graph（Influence Trend of Each Factor on Response）
表 1 试验设计模型参数定义
Table 1. Parameter Definition of Test Design Model
输入/输出参数 参数名称 因子 t1 /mm t2 /mm d /mm S /mm 响应 Pavg/MPa Pvari/MPa R= Pavg/ Pvari 
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表 2 优化前后主要性能指标
Table 2. Main Performance Indexes Before and After Optimization
类别 Pavg/MPa Pvari/MPa R 初始设计 121.24 109.56 1.668 优化设计 104.95 85.57 1.843
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