Design and Heat Transfer Performance Analysis of Ultra-High Temperature Lithium Heat Pipe
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摘要: 超高温锂热管冷却的核反应堆因其静默性、体积小等优势，在深海核动力和深空探测方面具有广泛的应用前景。为掌握超高温锂热管的传热特性，开展了超高温锂热管设计，并基于热阻网格法开发了超高温锂热管的Python程序，在此基础上对锂热管进行热输运性能分析。通过与其他现有模型和实验数据对比，验证了本文开发的模型精度，且应用该程序校核了本文设计的超高温锂热管，并分析了超高温锂热管在变功率工况下热管结构对热管达到新的稳定状态所需转变时间的影响。结果表明，本文设计的超高温锂热管符合设计要求；增加管壁厚度和吸液芯厚度会增加转变时间；增加冷凝段长度有利于减少转变时间。本文研究为热管堆的优化设计和安全分析提供了依据。Abstract: Ultra-high temperature lithium (Li) heat pipe cooled nuclear reactor has broad application prospects in the areas of deep-sea nuclear power and deep-space exploration due to its silence, small size and other advantages. In order to master the heat transfer characteristics of ultra-high temperature lithium heat pipe, the design of ultra-high temperature lithium heat pipe is carried out, and the Python program of ultra-high temperature lithium heat pipe is developed based on the thermal resistance grid method. On this basis, the heat transport performance of lithium heat pipe is analyzed. By comparing with other existing models and experimental data, the accuracy of the model developed in this paper is verified, and the ultra-high temperature lithium heat pipe designed in this paper is checked by using this program, and the influence of heat pipe structure on the transition time of ultra-high temperature lithium heat pipe to reach a new stable state under variable power condition is analyzed. The results show that the ultra-high temperature lithium heat pipe designed in this paper meets the design requirements; increasing the wall thickness and wick thickness increase the transition time; increasing the length of the condensation section is beneficial to reduce the transition time. The research in this paper provides the basis for the optimization design and safety analysis of the heat pipe reactor.
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Key words:
- Lithium heat pipe /
- Model development /
- Python /
- Transition time /
- Heat pipe reactor
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图 1 5 kW、1700 K下热管Ma与蒸汽腔直径的变化关系
Figure 1. Variation Relationship between Heat Pipe Ma and Steam Chamber Diameter at 5 kW and 1700 K
图 2 不同工作温度下锂热管的传热极限
Figure 2. Heat Transfer Limits of Lithium Heat Pipe at Different Working Temperatures
图 3 热管热阻模型
R1、R2—蒸发段的管壁径向热阻和吸液芯径向热阻；R3—轴向蒸汽热阻；R4、R5—冷凝段的吸液芯径向热阻和管壁径向热阻；R6、R7—绝热段的吸液芯轴向热阻和管壁轴向热阻；Q1、Q2—热源和热沉
Figure 3. Heat Pipe Thermal Resistance Model
图 4 本模型数据与文献模型数据对比（钠热管）
Figure 4. Comparison between the Data of This Model and the Data of Literature Model (Sodium Heat Pipe)
图 5 本模型计算数据与实验数据对比(锂热管)
Figure 5. Comparison between the Calculating Data of This Model and the Experimental Data (Lithium Heat Pipe)
图 7 变工况下管壁厚度对转变时间的影响
Figure 7. Effect of Pipe Wall Thickness on Transition Time under Variable Working Conditions
图 8 变工况下吸液芯厚度对转变时间的影响
Figure 8. Effect of Wick Thickness on Transition Time under Variable Working Conditions
图 9 变工况下冷凝段长度对转变时间的影响
Figure 9. Effect of Condensation Section Length on Transition Time under Variable Working Conditions
表 1 锂热管的结构参数
Table 1. Structural Parameters of the Lithium Heat Pipe
参数 数值 壳体及端盖材料 Nb-1%Zr 吸液芯材料 铌合金 蒸汽腔直径/mm 9.3 环形空隙厚度/mm 0.1 管壁厚度/mm 1 热管外径/mm 12 热管蒸发段长度/mm 300 热管绝热段长度/mm 100 热管冷凝段长度/mm 600 
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