Research on Multi-objective Optimization of Flow Distribution in Natural Circulation Reactor Whole Life-Cycle
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摘要: 堆芯流量分配设计是自然循环反应堆堆芯结构优化的重点内容，对提升堆芯经济性和安全性具有重要意义。基于反应堆闭式并联多通道模型构建了局部最优流量分配计算模型，并对现有的流量分配方案进行分析，针对其局限性，提出了一种基于最佳时区的多目标综合评价法，可实现反应堆全寿期多目标流量分配优化计算；根据所提出的理论，结合TOPSIS综合评价法，以自然循环下最大输出功率、反应堆寿期内出口最大温差以及最大温差随时间变化标准偏差为属性值，开展小型长寿命自然循环铅铋快堆SPALLER-100的堆芯流量分配方案优化研究。研究结果表明，基于运行时间为3182 d功率分布所得SPALLER-100反应堆堆芯流量分配方案最佳，与基于寿期初功率分布所得流量分配方案相比，所得方案堆芯出口最大温差降低30 K，堆芯出口最大温差随时间变化的标准偏差降低41%，反应堆自然循环最大输出功率提高2.35%。
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关键词:
- 自然循环 /
- 流量分配 /
- 多目标优化 /
- TOPSIS综合评价
Abstract: The design of core flow distribution is the key content of core structure optimization of natural circulation reactor, which is highly valuable for improving core economy and safety. In this paper, the local optimal flow distribution calculation model is constructed based on the reactor closed parallel multi-channel model, and the existing flow distribution scheme is analyzed. Aiming at its limitations, a multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method based on the optimal time zone is proposed, which can realize the optimization calculation of the whole life-circle multi-objective reactor flow distribution. According to the proposed theory, combined with the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method, the maximum output power under natural circulation, the maximum temperature difference at the outlet during the reactor life-circle, and the standard deviation of the maximum temperature difference over time are used as attribute values to develop the optimization of core flow distribution scheme for a small long-life natural cycle lead-bismuth fast reactor SPALLER-100. The research results show that the flow distribution scheme of SPALLER-100 reactor core is the best based on the power distribution of 3182 d running time. Compared with the flow distribution scheme based on the power distribution at the beginning of life circle, the maximum temperature difference at the core outlet is reduced by 30 K, the standard deviation of the maximum temperature difference at the core outlet with time is reduced by 41%, and the maximum output power of the reactor natural cycle is increased by 2.35%. -
图 1 闭式并联通道示意图
W—质量流量；W1~7—第1~7个冷却剂通道的质量流量
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Closed Parallel Channels
图 3 全局最优流量分配计算模型流程图
Figure 3. Flow Chart of The Global Optimal Flow Distribution Calculation Model
图 4 各时间节点在36个时间节点下堆芯出口最大温差
Figure 4. Maximum Core Outlet Temperature Differences of Distribution Schemes at 36 Time Nodes
图 5 各流量分配方案在循环寿期内堆芯出口最大温差
Figure 5. Maximum Core Outlet Temperature Differences of Distribution Schemes during Cycle Lifetime
图 6 35种分配方案下运行时间与出口最大温差拟合曲线
Figure 6. Fitting Curve of Operation Hours and Maximum Core Outlet Temperature Difference under 35 Distribution Schemes
图 7 进出口温差170 K下各方案自然循环最大功率输出
Figure 7. Maximum Power Output of Each Scheme in Natural Circulation at an Inlet and Outlet Temperature Difference of 170 K
图 8 35种流量分配方案决策问题图解
Figure 8. Diagram of Decision-making Problems of 35 Flow Distribution Schemes
表 1 SPALLER-100反应堆堆芯设计参数
Table 1. SPALLER-100 Reactor Core Design Parameters
设计方案 SPALLER-100 功率/MW 100 冷却剂入口温度/℃ 300 冷却剂出口温度/℃ 460 活性区高度/cm 150 平均线功率密度/(kW·m−1) 22.77 燃料棒内、外直径/cm 1.2、1.35 燃料棒间隙填充气体 He 气隙厚度/mm 0.15 包壳材料 HT-9 包壳厚度/mm 0.6 组件数目 48 组件内燃料棒数目 61 
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