Analysis and Optimization of Flow Field in an Axial Flow Lead-Bismuth Pump
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摘要: 铅铋泵作为铅铋冷却快堆一回路的关键输送设备，其安全运行对铅铋冷却快堆的安全至关重要。液态铅铋合金在泵内流动特性对泵的长期安全运行有重要影响，为了研究轴流铅铋泵泵内流场，通过Workbench/BladeGen软件建立了主泵叶轮模型，在ANSYS CFX软件中数值模拟泵内流场，并根据数值模拟结果改进了导叶片厚度，优化了动叶片翼型出口角，从而改善泵内流场。研究结果表明，铅铋泵叶片型线出口附近角度变化过快会导致叶片压力分布不均匀，产生局部高压的现象，进而可能造成更严重的冲蚀。优化导叶片厚度以及动叶片出口液流角后，泵内流场整体迹线较为平稳，导叶片出口处铅铋合金流速可以维持在1.8 m/s左右。Abstract: The lead-bismuth main pump is the key conveying equipment of the primary circuit in a lead- bismuth cooled fast reactor, and its safe operation is essential to the safety of the lead- bismuth cooled fast reactor. The flow characteristics of liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the pump have an important impact on the long-term safe operation of the pump. In order to study the flow field in an axial flow lead-bismuth pump, the impeller model of the main pump is constructed through Workbench/BladeGen software, and the flow field in the pump is simulated and analyzed in ANSYS CFX software. According to the numerical simulation results, the thickness of the guide vane is improved, and the wing outlet angle of the moving vane is optimized, thereby improving the flow field in the pump. The research results show that too fast angle change near the vane pattern outlet of lead- bismuth pump will lead to uneven vane pressure distribution and local high pressure, which may lead to more serious erosion. After optimizing the thickness of the guide vanes and the outlet flow angle of the moving vane, the overall trace of the flow field in the pump is relatively stable and the flow velocity of lead- bismuth at the exit of the guide vane maintained at about 1.8 m/s.
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图 4 铅铋泵动叶片不同叶栅层液流角分布曲线
Figure 4. Distribution Curve of Fluid Flow Angle in Different Cascade Layers of Lead-Bismuth Pump Moving Vane
图 5 不同叶栅层翼型间速度流线图
Figure 5. Velocity Streamlines between Airfoils in Different Cascade Layers
图 6 铅铋泵导叶片厚度分布云图
Figure 6. Contour of Thickness Distribution of Lead-Bismuth Pump Guide Vane
图 7 铅铋泵内冷却剂流线分布图和出口流面速度分布云图
Figure 7. Streamline Distribution Diagram of Coolant in Lead-Bismuth Pump and Contour of Outlet Flow Surface Velocity Distribution
图 8 优化后铅铋泵动叶片不同叶栅层液流角分布曲线
Figure 8. Distribution Curve of Fluid Flow Angle in Different Cascade Layers of Lead-Bismuth Pump Moving Vane after Optimization
图 9 优化后泵导叶片厚度分布云图
Figure 9. Contour of Thickness Distribution of Pump Guide Vane after Optimization
图 11 优化后不同叶栅层翼型间速度流线图
Figure 11. Velocity Streamlines between Airfoils of Different Cascade Layers after Optimization
图 12 优化后铅铋泵内冷却剂流线分布图和出口流面速度分布云图
Figure 12. Streamline Distribution Diagram of Coolant in Lead-Bismuth Pump after Optimization and Contour of Outlet Flow Surface Velocity Distribution
图 14 出口流面速度取值点分布
Figure 14. Distribution of Velocity Value Points on Outlet Flow Surface
表 1 铅铋泵的设计参数
Table 1. Design Parameters of Lead-Bismuth Pump
叶栅层层数 β1/rad β2 /rad α3/rad α4/rad u1=u2/(m·s−1) vm1=vm2/(m·s−1) vmax/(m·s−1) lr/m lg/m δp/kPa H/m 叶栅层1 0.461 0.863 0.712 1.57 4.52 2.25 5.05 0.107 0.162 125 1.2 叶栅层2 0.381 0.582 0.798 1.57 5.48 2.2 5.91 0.122 0.160 125 1.2 叶栅层3 0.322 0.435 0.867 1.57 6.45 2.15 6.80 0.137 0.158 125 1.2 叶栅层4 0.276 0.347 0.925 1.57 7.4 2.10 7.69 0.152 0.157 125 1.2 叶栅层5 0.241 0.286 0.973 1.57 8.37 2.06 8.62 0.167 0.67 125 1.2 β1、β2—动叶片进口和出口位置的液流角，在叶栅流面上是相对速度和圆周速度间的夹角；α3、α4——导叶片的进、出口角，表征叶珊流面绝对速度和圆周速度之间的夹角；u1、u2—圆周方向进、出口流速；vm1和vm2—动叶片进口和出口的轴向速度；lr—动叶片翼型长度；H—扬程；lg—导叶片叶型长度；δp—叶轮进出口压差 
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表 2 叶轮网格无关性分析
Table 2. Independence Analysis of Impeller Grid
网格数量/万 8 30 60 120 理论计算结/kPa 125 125 125 125 CFX模拟计算结果/kPa 115.8 121.4 123.1 123.3 偏差范围/% 7.36 2.88 1.52 1.36
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