Research on Radioactive Contaminated Soil Sorting and Volume-reducing Device
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摘要: 放射性污染场地整治及修复工作是保障核工业健康可持续发展的重要支撑。针对某典型区域放射性污染土壤的处理需求，开展源项分析和分拣机理实验，确定放射性污染土壤分拣减容工艺方案及装置设计指标，设计了一种新型放射性污染土壤分拣减容装置。该装置可实现放射性污染土壤的烘干、筛分、在线检测及按处置需求分离等功能。性能验证结果表明，其对放射性污染土壤中137Cs的理论检出限为20.7 Bq/kg，处理能力可达106 kg/h，满足设计指标。该装置有望在后续工程实施中实现某典型区域部分污染土壤从低放射性废物向极低放射性废物或极低放射性废物向免管废物的降级。本研究可为放射性污染土壤处理工作的工艺设计及工程验证提供理论指导和实验基础。Abstract: The remediation and restoration of radioactive contaminated sites has become an important support to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the nuclear industry. In this paper, according to the treatment requirements of radioactive contaminated soil in typical areas, the source term analysis and sorting principle test are carried out to determine the radioactive contaminated soil sorting and volume-reducing process scheme and the device design indicators. Then a novel radioactive contaminated soil sorting and volume-reducing device is designed, which could realize the functions of radioactive contaminated soil drying, screening, online detection and separation according to disposal requirements. The performance verification results show that the theoretical detection limit of 137Cs in radioactive contaminated soil is 20.7 Bq/kg, and the treatment capacity can reach 106 kg/h, which meets the design indicator. The device is expected to realize the downgrade of part of the contaminated soil in a typical area from low-level radioactive waste to extremely low-level radioactive waste or extremely low-level radioactive waste to exempt waste in the follow-up project implementation. The research can provide theoretical guidance and experimental basis for the process design and engineering verification of radioactive contaminated soil treatment.
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Key words:
- Radioactive contaminated soil /
- Screening /
- Detection /
- Sorting /
- Volume-reducing
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图 1 土壤颗粒尺寸与活度浓度关系
A10、A0—A点10 cm、0 cm表层土；B10、B0—B点10 cm、0 cm表层土
Figure 1. Relationship between Soil Particle Size and Activity Concentration
图 2 B点土壤筛分前后活度浓度对比图
Figure 2. Comparison Chart of Specific Radioactivity of before and after Soil Screening at Point B
图 8 铅室内外环境本底计数对比
Figure 8. Comparison of Background Counts of Indoor and Outdoor Environment of Lead Chamber
表 1 测量时间与检出限
Table 1. Measuring Time and Detection Limit
测量时间/s MDAC/(Bq·kg−1) 137Cs 60Co 5 67.7042 63.8503 10 47.2281 44.3796 20 33.0723 30.9965 30 26.8866 25.1694 40 23.2242 21.7255 50 20.7355 19.3880 60 18.9040 17.6692 
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