Transient Characteristics Analysis of Single Parameter Disturbance in Molten Salt Reactor
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摘要: 熔盐堆（MSR）作为一种新型的反应堆，其热工水力特性与其他堆型有很大差异，扰动瞬态分析有助于从根本上了解其安全特性和运行状态。为了研究MSR的运行瞬态特性，本研究以液态燃料MSR为研究对象，利用经过修改的RELAP5/ MOD4.0程序进行了稳态运行工况下的扰动瞬态分析。干扰变量包括反应性引入、一回路熔盐质量流量、二回路质量流量、空气散热器质量流量、空气散热器入口空气温度。分析了主要运行参数，如功率、堆芯进出口温度、二回路进出口温度、特征时间等。结果表明MSR在各种扰动瞬态下的最终状态都趋于稳定，而不存在严重的瞬态变化，这是对其固有稳定性特性的直观表征。根据功率和温度等变量在扰动下的变化，提出了功率和不同回路温度的控制方法。Abstract: As an innovative reactor, the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of molten salt reactor are very different from other reactors. Disturbance transient analysis helps to fundamentally understand its safety characteristics and operating conditions. In order to study the transient characteristics of molten salt reactor operation, this study takes liquid fuel molten salt reactor (MSR) as the research object, and uses the modified RELAP5/MOD4.0 program to carry out disturbance transient analysis under steady-state operation conditions. Disturbance variables include mass flow rate of primary circuit, mass flow rate of secondary circuit, mass flow rate of air radiator and inlet air temperature of air radiator. Main operating parameters, such as power, core inlet and outlet temperature, secondary circuit inlet and outlet temperature, and characteristic time, are analyzed. The results show that the final state of the MSR under various disturbance transients tends to be stable without severe transient changes, which is an intuitive characterization of its inherent stability characteristics. According to the change of power and temperature under disturbance, the control method of power and different circuit temperature is proposed.
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Key words:
- Molten salt reactor（MSR） /
- Transient characteristics /
- RELAP5 /
- Disturbance
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图 3 阶跃引入反应性后堆芯归一化功率随时间变化
Figure 3. Normalized Power of the Core Changes with Time after the Step Insertion of Reactivity
图 4 阶跃引入100×10−5反应性后一、二回路温度随时间变化
Figure 4. Temperature Changes with Time in the Primary and Secondary Circults after the Step Insertion of 100×10−5 Reactivity
图 5 不同速率引入反应性后归一化功率随时间变化
Figure 5. Normalized Power Changes with Time after the Insertion of Reactivity with Different Rates
图 6 引入不同反应性后归一化功率随时间变化
Figure 6. Normalized Power Changes with Time after the Insertion of Different Reactivity
图 7 一回路熔盐质量流量变化后归一化功率随时间变化
Figure 7. Normalized Power Changes with Time After the Molten Salt Flow Rate of the Primary Circuit Changes
图 8 一回路熔盐质量流量下降10%后一、二回路温度随时间变化
Figure 8. Temperature Changes with Time in the Primary and Secondary Circults When the Molten Salt Flow Rate Decreases by 10% in the Primary Circult
图 9 二回路熔盐流量变化后反应堆归一化功率随时间变化
Figure 9. Normalized Power of the Reactor Changes with Time after the Change of Molten Salt Flow Rate of the Secondary Circult
图 10 二回路熔盐流量下降10%后一、二回路温度随时间变化
Figure 10. Temperature Changes with Time in the Primary and Secondary Circults When the Molten Salt Flow Rate Decreases by 10% in the Secondary Circult
图 11 空气质量流量变化后反应堆归一化功率随时间变化
Figure 11. Normalized Power of the Reactor Changes with Time When the Air Flow Rate Changes
图 12 空气质量流量下降10%时一、二回路温度随时间变化
Figure 12. Temperature Changes with Time in the Primary and Secondary Circults When the Air Flow Rate Decreases by 10%
图 13 空气温度变化后反应堆归一化功率随时间变化
Figure 13. Normalized Power of the Reactor Changes with Time When the Air Temperature Changes
图 14 空气温度下降10℃时一、二回路温度随时间变化
Figure 14. Temperature Changes with Time in the Primary and Secondary Circults When the Air Temperature Decreases by 10℃
表 1 MSR主要设计参数
Table 1. Main Design Parameters of MSR
参数名 参数值 热功率/MW 10 设计寿命/a 10 堆芯活性区功率密度/(MW·m−3) 7.54 堆芯进口温度/℃ 630 堆芯出口温度/℃ 650 双熔盐换热器二次侧进口温度/℃ 560 双熔盐换热器二次侧出口温度/℃ 580 一回路燃料熔盐质量流量/(kg·s−1) 250 二回路冷却剂熔盐质量流量/(kg·s−1) 210 空气质量流量/(kg·s−1) 49.25 燃料盐温度系数/10−5℃−1 −5.9 慢化剂温度系数/10−5℃−1 −4.1 总温度系数/10−5℃−10 −10.2 
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表 2 MSR初始稳态计算值与设计值对比
Table 2. Comparison of Initial Steady State Calculated Value and Design Value of MSR
参数名 计算值 设计值 偏差/% 额定功率/MW 10.00 10 0 堆芯进口温度/℃ 630.26 630 0.04 堆芯出口温度/℃ 649.96 650 0.01 双熔盐换热器二次侧入口温度/℃ 561.57 560 0.28 双熔盐换热器二次侧出口温度/℃ 581.94 580 0.33 一回路熔盐质量流量/(kg·s−1) 255.60 250 2.24 二回路熔盐质量流量/(kg·s−1) 205.50 210 2.14 空气质量流量/(kg·s−1) 49.10 49.25 0.30
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