常压下ATF锆合金包壳Cr涂层表面饱和池式沸腾气泡行为实验研究

文青龙; 曾谢虎; 杜强; 陈志强; 张瑞谦; 杜沛南

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2022.05.0034

常压下ATF锆合金包壳Cr涂层表面饱和池式沸腾气泡行为实验研究

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2022.05.0034

1.
重庆大学能源与动力工程学院核工程与核技术系，重庆，400044
2.
重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室，重庆，400044
3.
中国核动力研究设计院，成都，610213

详细信息

作者简介:
文青龙（1979—），男，博士，副教授，现主要从事先进核能系统热工水力和安全研究，E-mail: qlwen@cqu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TL334
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-13
- 修回日期: 2021-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-12

Experimental Study on Saturated Pool Boiling Bubble Behavior of ATF Chromium Coated Zirconium Alloy Cladding at Atmospheric Pressure

1.
Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Low Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
3.
Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China

摘要

摘要: 铬（Cr）涂层锆合金包壳是最有前途的耐事故燃料（ATF）的新型包覆材料之一，对其表面的气泡动力学进行研究有助于评估是否具有更好的传热性能。在常压下的Cr涂层锆合金包壳池式沸腾实验装置中对不同工艺方法下制备的Cr涂层锆合金包壳进行实验，研究了粗糙度等表面状态对气泡产生、长大以及脱离等气泡行为的影响。结果表明，气泡接触角与Cr涂层表面粗糙度有关，粗糙度越大，表面气泡接触角越小；不同涂层工艺下制备的4种Cr涂层锆合金包壳样件表面的气泡脱离直径范围为1.256 ~1.446 mm，气泡脱离频率范围为29.99 ~50.97 Hz；气泡脱离直径与粗糙度呈负相关，脱离频率与粗糙度呈正相关；气泡脱离直径预测模型与实验数据之间的偏差为±6%，脱离频率预测模型与实验数据之间的偏差为±3%。
- 耐事故燃料（ATF） /
- 铬（Cr）涂层锆合金包壳 /
- 气泡行为 /
- 脱离直径 /
- 脱离频率
Abstract: Chromium (Cr) - coated zirconium alloy cladding is one of the most promising new cladding materials for accident resistant fuel (ATF). The study of bubble dynamics on the surface of this new material is helpful to evaluate whether it has better heat transfer performance. experiments are carried out on Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding prepared by different process methods in a pool boiling experimental facility for Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding under normal pressure. The effects of surface states such as roughness on bubble generation, growth and departure behaviors are investigated.The results show that the bubble contact angle is related to the surface roughness of Cr coating. The larger the roughness, the smaller the bubble contact angle; The bubble departure diameter of the four Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding samples prepared under different coating processes ranges from 1.256~1.446 mm, and the bubble departure frequency ranges from 29.99~50.97 Hz; the bubble departure diameter is negatively correlated with the roughness, and the departure frequency is positively correlated with the roughness; The deviation between the bubble departure diameter prediction model and the experimental data is ±6%, and the deviation between the departure frequency prediction model and the experimental data is ±3%.
- Accident tolerant fuel (ATF) /
- Chromium coated zirconium alloy cladding /
- Bubble dynamics /
- Departure diameter /
- Departure frequency

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图 1 池式沸腾实验装置

Figure 1. Pool Boiling Experimental Facility

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图 2 实验段示意图

Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of Experimental Section

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图 3 气-液边界识别

Figure 3. Vapor-liquid Boundary Identification

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图 4 汽泡边界法向量

Figure 4. Normal Vector of Bubble Boundary

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图 5 Cr涂层锆合金包壳外表面微观形貌图

Figure 5. Microscopic Topography of the Outer Surface of Cr-coated Zirconium Alloy Cladding

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图 6 气泡接触角原始图像

Figure 6. Original Image of Bubble Contact Angle

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图 7 气泡接触角处理结果

Figure 7. Processing Results of Bubble Contact Angle

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图 8 气泡接触角随表面粗糙度变化情况

Figure 8. Variation of Bubble Contact Angle with Surface Roughness　　　　　　　　

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图 9 气泡脱离包壳表面

Figure 9. Bubbles Departure from the Cladding Surface

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图 10 气泡脱离直径随表面粗糙度变化情况

Figure 10. Variation of Bubble Departure Diameter with Surface Roughness

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图 11 气泡脱离直径随接触角变化情况

Figure 11. Variation of Bubble Departure Diameter with Contact Angle

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图 12 气泡脱离直径拟合关联式与实验数据对比

Figure 12. Comparison of Bubble Departure Diameter Fitting Correlation with Experimental Data

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图 13 气泡脱离包壳表面过程

Figure 13. Bubble Departure Process from Cladding Surface　　　　　　　

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图 14 气泡脱离频率随表面粗糙度变化情况

Figure 14. Variation of Bubble Departure Frequency with Surface Roughness

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图 15 气泡脱离频率随脱离直径变化情况

Figure 15. Variation of Bubble Departure Frequency with Departure Diameter

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图 16 气泡脱离频率随接触角变化情况

Figure 16. Variation of Bubble Departure Frequency with Contact Angle

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图 17 气泡脱离频率拟合关联式与实验数据对比

Figure 17. Comparison of Bubble Departure Frequency Fitting Correlation with Experimental Data

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表 1 实验段主要参数

Table 1. Main Parameters of Experimental Section

参数名	参数值
实验段总长/mm	260
实验段被加热段长度/mm	100
实验段外径/mm	9.52
实验段壁厚/mm	0.58
氧化铝陶瓷层外径/mm	8.36
氧化铝陶瓷层内径/mm	6
导热铜片外径/mm	6
导热铜片通孔直径/mm	1
铜排截面积/mm²	400

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表 2 直接测量参数不确定度

Table 2. Uncertainties of the Directly Measured Parameters

测量参数	仪表精度	不确定度
温度	0.3℃	0.27%
电流	1.0 A	0.14%
电压	0.015 V	0.12%
Cr涂层锆合金包壳外径	0.01 mm	0.11%
Cr涂层锆合金包壳长度	1 mm	1.0%
气泡直径	0.017 mm	0.18%
气泡接触角	0.5°	0.15%

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表 3 间接测量参数不确定度

Table 3. Uncertainties of Indirectly Measured Parameters

测量参数	不确定度
Cr涂层锆合金包壳传热面积	0.1%
实验段功率	0.18%
Cr涂层锆合金包壳外表面热流密度	0.21%

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