Experimental Study on Two-phase Natural Circulation Characteristics under Low-voltage and Low-power Conditions
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摘要: 相比于陆基核电厂，船用核动力装置的非能动安全系统运行压力较低，运行功率变化频繁，在两相自然循环条件下，非能动安全系统内的流动更加复杂多变。为了研究两相自然循环在低压、低功率条件下的循环特性，基于比例分析方法搭建了两相自然循环的原理试验台架，研究了低压条件下功率和初始液位高度对自然循环特性的影响。结果表明，在低压条件下，系统稳定运行后的压力、流量等均受初始液位高度和功率的影响。当功率为50 kW时，初始液位越高，系统稳定后的压力越大，但是流量相差较小；初始液位一定时，功率在40%满功率~100%满功率内，随着功率的增大，系统稳定后的压力也逐渐增大。这为试验台架后续两相自然循环的研究提供了方向，也为船用核动力装置非能动安全系统研究提供了参考。Abstract: Compared with the land-based nuclear power plant, the passive safety system of marine nuclear power plant has lower operating pressure and frequent changes in operating power. Under the condition of two-phase natural circulation, the flow in the passive safety system is more complex and changeable. In order to further study the circulation characteristics of two-phase natural circulation under the condition of low pressure and low power, the principle test bench of two-phase natural circulation is built based on the proportional analysis method, and the influence of power and initial liquid level height on the characteristics of natural circulation under the condition of low pressure is studied. The results show that under low pressure, the pressure and flow of the system after stable operation are affected by the initial liquid level and power. When the power is 50 kW, the higher the initial liquid level is, the greater the pressure after the system is stabilized, but the flow difference is small; When the initial liquid level is constant, the power is in the range of 40% full power to 100% full power. With the increase of power, the pressure after the system is stabilized also gradually increases. This provides a direction for the follow-up research of two-phase natural circulation of the test bench, and also provides a reference for the research of passive safety system of marine nuclear power plant.
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图 1 两相自然循环比例分析流程图
Figure 1. Flow Chart of Proportional Analysis on Two-phase Natural Circulation
图 3 不同初始液位下SG模拟体内压力的变化曲线
Figure 3. Variation Curve of Internal Pressure in SG Simulant under Different Initial Liquid Levels
图 4 不同初始液位下SG模拟体流量的变化曲线
Figure 4. Variation Curve of SG Simulant Flow under Different Initial Liquid Levels
图 5 不同初始液位下SG模拟体出口温度的变化曲线
Figure 5. Variation Curve of Outlet Temperature of SG Simulant under Different Initial Liquid Levels
图 6 不同初始液位下SG模拟体及冷却水的入口温度的变化曲线
Figure 6. Variation Curve of Inlet Temperature of SG Simulant and Cooling Water under Different Initial Liquid Levels
图 8 不同功率下SG模拟体出口温度、入口温度的变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation Curve of Outlet Temperature and Inlet Temperature of SG Simulant under Different Powers
表 1 两相自然循环无量纲群
Table 1. Dimensionless Group of Two-phase Natural Circulation
序号 无量纲数 说明 1 ${\tau _{ { { {\rm{TP} },{\rm{o}}} } } } = \dfrac{ { {V_{ {\text{TP,o} } } } } }{ { {Q_{ {\text{TP,o} } } } } }$ 无量纲时间 2 ${\varPi _{Fr} } = \dfrac{ {u_{ {\text{TP} } }^2{\rho _{ {\text{TP} } } } } }{ {\alpha gl{ {\Delta } }\rho } }$ Froude数 3 $\varPi = \dfrac{ { {\rho _{\text{g} } }{\rho _{\text{l} } } } }{ {\alpha (1 - \alpha ){ {\Delta } }{\rho ^2} } }$ 4 ${\varPi _{ {\text{Nd} } } } = \dfrac{ { {v_{ {\text{gj} } } }\alpha { {\Delta } }\rho } }{ { {u_{ {\text{TP} } } }{\rho _{ {\text{TP} } } } } }$ drift flux数 5 ${\varPi _{\text{F} } } = \dfrac{ {fl} }{d} + K$ Friction数 6 ${\varPi _{ {\text{HT} } } } = \dfrac{ { {H_{\text{s} } }{A_{\text{s} } }({T_{\text{s} } } - {T_{ {\text{TP} } } })} }{ { {\rho _{ {\text{TP} } } }{h_{ {\text{TP} } } }{u_{ {\text{TP} } } }{a_{\text{c} } } }}$ 与传递热量相关比例准则数 7 ${\varPi _{\text{h} } } = \dfrac{ { {h_{\lg } }(1 - \alpha )\alpha { {\Delta } }\rho } }{ { {h_{ {\text{TP} } } }{\rho _{ {\text{TP} } } } } }$ 与焓相关比例准则数 8 ${\varPi _{ {\text{qf} } } } = \dfrac{ { {q_{\text{s} } }l} }{ { {u_{ {\text{TP} } } }{\rho _{\text{s} } }{c_{ {\text{vs} } } }({T_{\text{s} } } - {T_{ {\text{TP} } } }){V_{\text{s} } } }}$ 流体无量纲热量 9 ${\varPi _{\text{q} } } = \dfrac{ { {q_{\text{s} } } }}{ { {H_{\text{s} } }{A_{\text{s} } }({T_{\text{s} } } - {T_{ {\text{TP} } } })} }$ 固体无量纲热量 10 ${\varTheta _{\text{s} } } = \dfrac{ { {T_{\text{s} } } - {T_{ {\text{TP} } } } } }{ { {T_{\text{s} } } } }$ 无量纲温度 Hs—热传递系数， cvs—固体比热， qs—产热率；下标o表示相关物理量的初始参数 
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