Effect of Working Medium Pressure and Creep on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Cold Deformed 310S Stainless Steel in Supercritical Water Environment
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摘要: 310S不锈钢是一种性能较好的超临界水冷堆候选包壳材料，为丰富310S不锈钢在在超临界水环境下的应力腐蚀性能研究，特别是裂纹扩展速率方面的数据。本研究使用在线监测裂纹扩展的方法，测量了不同冷变形的310S不锈钢在多种工况下的裂纹扩展速率，分析了工质压力、高温蠕变等因素对310S开裂行为的作用。结果显示：超临界水或高温蒸汽的压力变化对310S不锈钢在500℃下的开裂行为的影响较为有限，冷变形作用促进材料的裂纹扩展，材料的高温蠕变行为在超临界水中对应力腐蚀开裂过程中具有较为重要的加速作用，特别是对于高冷变形和高载荷条件下的材料。本研究丰富了超临界水环境下310S的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率的数据，证明了提高材料的抗蠕变性能是优化包壳材料服役性能的重要手段之一，包壳设计制造的过程中应当避免较大幅度的冷变形。Abstract: 310S stainless steel is a good candidate cladding material for supercritical water-cooled reactor. In order to enrich the research on stress corrosion behavior of 310S stainless steel in supercritical water environment, especially the data on crack growth rate, this study used the method of online monitoring crack growth to measure the crack growth rate of 310S stainless steel with different cold deformation under various working conditions, and analyzed the effect of working medium pressure, high-temperature creep and other factors on the 310S cracking behavior. The results show that: The pressure change of supercritical water or high-temperature steam has a limited effect on the cracking behavior of 310S stainless steel at 500℃, and cold deformation promotes the crack growth of the material. The high-temperature creep behavior of materials plays an important role in accelerating the process of stress corrosion cracking in supercritical water, especially for materials under high cold deformation and high load. This study enriches the data of stress corrosion crack growth rate of 310S in supercritical water environment, and proves that improving the creep resistance of materials is one of the important means to optimize the service performance of cladding materials, and large cold deformation shall be avoided in the process of cladding design and manufacturing.
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Key words:
- Supercritical water cooled reactor /
- 310S /
- Stress corrosion cracking /
- Creep /
- Cold deformation
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图 4 测试系统示意图
T—水回路系统运行温度；Tmax—高压釜最高运行温度；Pmax—最高运行压力
Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of Test System
图 9 蠕变开裂与应力腐蚀开裂对比
Figure 9. Comparison between Creep Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking
图 10 不同冷变形材料KAM分布
Figure 10. Distribution of KAM for Different Cold Deformed Materials
表 1 310S不锈钢成分
Table 1. Composition of 310S Stainless Steel
元素 Fe Cr Ni C Si Mn P S 质量分数/% Bal. 25.23 19.12 0.05 0.52 0.99 0.024 0.001 Bal.—Fe元素的占比余量 
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表 2 CGR测试参数
Table 2. Parameters of Crack Growth Rate Test
样品
编号变形
幅度/%压力/MPa 温度/℃ 工质类型 K/(MPa • m1/2) 201 20 0.1/5/10
/15/20/25500 SCW/SHS/Ar 20 301 30 25 500 SCW/Ar 20/25 SCW—超临界水；SHS—高温蒸汽；Ar—高温氩气；K—应力强度因子
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