同位素热光伏系统辐射场分布及衰减率研究

韩西龙; 芦明宇; 杨爱香; 邵剑雄; 李宁; 韩承志; 田岱; 陈熙萌; 邱家稳

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2022.S2.0019

同位素热光伏系统辐射场分布及衰减率研究

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2022.S2.0019

韩西龙^{1, 2,},
芦明宇¹,
杨爱香^1, ,,
邵剑雄¹,
李宁¹,
韩承志³,
田岱³,
陈熙萌¹,
邱家稳³

1.
兰州大学核科学与技术学院，兰州，730000
2.
中国科学院近代物理研究所，兰州，730000
3.
北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京，100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U20B2008）；国防科技工业核动力技术创新中心基金（HDLCXZX-2021-ZH-031）

详细信息

作者简介:
韩西龙（1997—），男，硕士研究生，现主要从事同位素热光伏系统寿命方面的研究，E-mail: hanxl18@163.com

通讯作者:
杨爱香，E-mail:yangax@lzu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TL929
计量
- 文章访问数: 249
- HTML全文浏览量: 65
- PDF下载量: 30
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-18
- 修回日期: 2022-10-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-31

Study on Radiation Field Distribution and Attenuation Rate of Radioisotope Thermophotovoltaic System

1.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
2.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing, 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 开展深空、深海探测任务必须解决长周期能源供给问题，同位素热光伏电源（RTPV）系统是重要的解决方案之一，RTPV系统性能衰减研究是开展工程化设计的基础。本工作系统地计算了250 W ²³⁸PuO₂通用热源（GPHS）的功率衰减情况，利用蒙特卡洛方法模拟了RTPV系统内部的辐射场分布，最终结合国外相关实验得到RTPV系统的衰减率。当电池系统服役20 a时，热功率下降导致系统转换效率下降的年衰减率为0.5%；富氧情况下²³⁸PuO₂源产生的中子辐照导致GaSb晶元转换效率下降的年衰减率为0.7%；综合考虑功率衰减及中子辐照影响，RTPV系统的年衰减率为1.2%。
- 同位素热光伏电源(RTPV) /
- 通用热源(GPHS) /
- 衰减率 /
- 辐射场
Abstract: For deep space and deep sea exploration missions, the long-period energy supply problem must be solved. Radioisotope thermophotovoltaic (RTPV) cell is one of the important solutions. The research on the performance degradation of RTPV system is the basis of engineering design. The power attenuation of 250 W ²³⁸PuO₂ General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) was calculated systematically, and the radiation field distribution inside the thermophotovoltaic system was simulated by Monte Carlo method. Finally, the attenuation rate of RTPV system was obtained by combining relevant foreign experiments. When the cell system has been in service for 20 years, the annual attenuation rate of the system conversion efficiency reduction caused by the thermal power reduction is 0.5%. In the case of oxygen enrichment, the annual attenuation rate of GaSb crystal conversion efficiency caused by neutron irradiation from ²³⁸PuO₂ source is 0.7%. Considering the effects of power attenuation and neutron irradiation, the annual attenuation rate of thermal photovoltaic system is 1.2%.
- Radioisotope thermophotovoltaic (RTPV) /
- General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) /
- Attenuation rate /
- Radiation field

HTML全文

图 1 α粒子与¹⁷O，¹⁸O的反应截面

Figure 1. The Reaction Cross Section of α Particle with ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O

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图 2 ²³⁶Pu衰变链

α，β为衰变类型

Figure 2. ²³⁶Pu Decay Chain

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图 3 RTPV系统工作原理图

Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of Working Principle of RTPV System

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图 4 同位素热光伏系统建模图像

1—²³⁸PuO₂弹丸；2—铱金属包壳；3—FWPF防撞层；4—CBCF隔热层；5—FWPF防撞外壳

Figure 4. RTPV System Modeling Image

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图 5 热源表面温度随时间的变化

Figure 5. Variation of Heat Source Surface Temperature with Time　　　　　　　

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图 6 辐射器能流密度

Figure 6. Radiator Energy Flux Density

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图 7 量子效率曲线

Figure 7. Quantum Efficiency Curve

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图 8 电子注量

Figure 8. Electron Fluence

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图 9 250W ²³⁸PuO₂热源中子

Figure 9. 250 W ²³⁸PuO₂ Heat Source Neutron

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图 10 250 W PuO₂热源中²³⁶Pu及其次级同位素产生的光子能谱

Figure 10. Photon Energy Spectrum Produced by ²³⁶Pu and Its Secondary Isotopes in 250 W PuO₂ Heat Source

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图 11 中子注量率分布

Figure 11. Neutron Fluence Rate Distribution

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图 12 晶元表面中子能谱分布

Figure 12. Neutron Energy Spectrum Distribution on the Surface of Crystal

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图 13 GaSb晶元输出功率随裂变中子注量的变化

Figure 13. Variation of GaSb Crystal Output Power with Fission Neutron Fluence

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图 14 PuO₂热源外表面光子能谱及电子能谱

Figure 14. Photon and Electron Energy Spectrum of PuO₂ Heat Source External Surface

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表 1 产生γ光子的衰变反应

Table 1. Decay Reactions That Produce γ Photons

衰变过程	衰变类型	半衰期	γ光子能量/keV	强度/%
²¹²Pb→²¹²Bi	β	10.64 h	115.183	0.592
	β	10.64 h	238.632	43.3
	β	10.64 h	300.087	3.28
²¹²Bi→²⁰⁸Tl	α	60.55 min	39.857	1.06
²¹²Bi→²¹²Po	β	60.55 min	727.330	6.58
	β	60.55 min	785.37	1.102
	β	60.55 min	1078.62	0.564
	β	60.55 min	1620.50	1.49
²⁰⁸Tl→²⁰⁸Pb	β	3.053 min	252.61	0.69
	β	3.053 min	277.358	6.31
	β	3.053 min	510.77	22.6
	β	3.053 min	583.191	84.5
	β	3.053 min	763.13	1.81
	β	3.053 min	860.564	12.42
	β	3.053 min	2614.533	99.16

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