Analysis of Heat Conduction Performance of Heat Pipe Based on Thermal Resistance Network Method
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摘要: 为了获得热管温度、传输功率等导热特性，基于热阻等效理论建立了考虑蒸汽腔区域传热的二维热管热阻网络模型，获得了热管瞬态及稳态传热性能，并与文献及本文实验数据进行了对比验证，其绝热段平均温度最大相对误差为7.6%。研究结果表明，模型对文献钠工质热管及本文水工质热管实验数据具有较高的计算精度；热管轴向各段温度均匀性较好，吸液芯径向热阻是热管导热热阻的主要影响因素；热管工作温度与传输功率随冷源参数变化趋势相反，热管传输热量是一个自适应的动态调节过程。因此，热阻网络模型可以作为实验分析和热管设计的工具，同时还可以进一步扩大工况研究范围，获得边界条件对热管传热过程的影响规律，进一步为多应用场景下热管设计提供参考。Abstract: In order to obtain the heat conduction characteristics such as heat pipe temperature and transmission power, a 2D heat pipe thermal resistance network model considering steam cavity heat transfer is established based on the thermal resistance equivalence theory, and the transient and steady-state heat transfer performance of the heat pipe are obtained. The literature and the experimental data of this paper are compared and verified. The maximum relative error of the average temperature in the adiabatic section is 7.6%. The results show that the model has a high accuracy for the experimental data of sodium working medium heat pipe in literature and hydraulic working medium heat pipe in this paper; The temperature uniformity of each axial section of the heat pipe is good, and the radial thermal resistance of the wick is the main factor affecting the thermal-conduction resistance of the heat pipe; The working temperature and transmission power of the heat pipe change with the cold source parameters in the opposite trend, and the heat transfer of the heat pipe is an adaptive dynamic regulation process. Therefore, the thermal resistance network model can be used as a tool for experimental analysis and heat pipe design. At the same time, it can further expand the research scope of working conditions, obtain the influence rules of boundary conditions on heat pipe heat transfer process, and further provide reference for heat pipe design in multiple application scenarios.
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图 1 热管物理模型示意图
1—蒸发段管壁径向传热；2—蒸发段吸液芯径向传热；3—冷凝段吸液芯径向传热；4—冷凝段管壁径向传热； 5—热管吸液芯轴向传热；6—热管管壁轴向传热
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Physical Model of Heat Pipe
图 4 模型计算值与文献结果对比
Figure 4. Comparison between Model Calculation Values and Results in Literature
图 5 模型瞬态计算结果与实验对比
Figure 5. Comparison between Model Transient Calculation Results and Experiments
图 6 模型稳态计算结果与实验对比
Figure 6. Comparison between Model Steady State Calculation Results and Experiments
图 7 不同蒸发段壁温时热管温度分布
Figure 7. Temperature Distribution of Heat Pipe under Different Wall Temperatures of Evaporation Section
图 8 290℃蒸发段壁温时热管轴向温度分布
Figure 8. Axial Temperature Distribution of Heat Pipe at 290 ℃ Evaporation Section Wall Temperature
图 9 热管导热性能随冷却水入口温度及换热系数变化情况
Figure 9. Variation of Heat Conduction of Heat Pipe with Cooling Water Inlet Temperature and Heat Exchange Coefficient
表 1 热管实验主要参数
Table 1. Main Parameters of Heat Pipe Experiment
参数 参数值 管壳材料 不锈钢 工质种类 去离子水 热管尺寸(直径×壁厚×长度) 25×2.5×1000 蒸发段/mm 400 绝热段/mm 229 冷凝段长度/mm 371 加热方式 等壁温加热：20~290℃ 冷却方式 冷却水对流换热 吸液芯厚度/ mm 0.6 
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