耐事故燃料用于高性能压水堆的分析研究

尹春雨; 高士鑫; 钱立波; 秦雪; 吴磊; 张渝; 崔怀明; 肖忠; 苏光辉

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.02.0136

耐事故燃料用于高性能压水堆的分析研究

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.02.0136

尹春雨^{1, 2,},
高士鑫^{1, 2},
钱立波²,
秦雪²,
吴磊²,
张渝²,
崔怀明²,
肖忠²,
苏光辉¹

1.
西安交通大学核科学与技术学院，西安，710049
2.
中国核动力研究设计院核反应堆系统设计技术重点实验室，成都，610213

详细信息

作者简介:
尹春雨（1982—），男，研究员级高级工程师，现主要从事燃料元件及其相关组件设计和研究工作，E-mail: yincy909@163.com

中图分类号: TL334
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-22
- 修回日期: 2022-10-17
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-15

Analytical Study on Accident Tolerant Fuel Used in the High Performance Pressurized Water Reactor

1.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
2.
Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China

摘要

摘要: 为明确未来高性能压水堆（PWR）可采用的耐事故燃料（ATF）元件设计方案，本研究采用燃料性能、核设计、反应堆热工安全的适用分析方法，从安全性、经济性和燃料性能等方面对几种潜在的ATF设计方案进行综合分析。结果表明：采用SiC复合包壳＋高铀密度燃料的方案较好；由于高铀密度燃料（包括UN、U₃Si₂及UN-U₃Si₂复合燃料）各自均具有鲜明的特点，其中UN-U₃Si₂复合燃料在理论上可以成为高铀密度燃料的一大特色，但从中子经济性的角度考虑需要将UN中¹⁵N 进行富集，而目前的富集技术将大大提高该型燃料的制造成本。因此本研究建议高性能PWR的ATF燃料元件设计宜选择SiC复合包壳＋U₃Si₂燃料的设计方案。
- 耐事故燃料 /
- SiC复合包壳 /
- 高铀密度燃料 /
- 燃料性能
Abstract: In order to determine the accident tolerant fuel (ATF) element design schemes for future high performance pressurized water reactor (PWR), this study comprehensively analyzes several potential ATF design schemes from the perspectives of safety, economical efficiency and fuel performance by using the methods applicable to the analysis of fuel performance, nuclear design and reactor thermal safety. The results show that the scheme of using SiC composite cladding + high uranium density fuel is good. High uranium density fuel includes UN, U₃Si₂ and UN-U₃Si₂ composite fuels, each of them has distinct characteristics, Among them, UN-U₃Si₂ composite fuel can theoretically develop its strengths and avoid its weaknesses and become one of the characteristics of high uranium density fuel. However, from the perspective of neutron economy, it is necessary to enrich ¹⁵N in UN, and the current enrichment technology will greatly increase the manufacturing cost of this type of fuel. Therefore, the design scheme of SiC composite cladding + U₃Si₂ fuel should be selected for the design of ATF fuel element of high-performance PWR.
- Accident tolerant fuel /
- SiC composite cladding /
- High uranium density fuel /
- Fuel performance

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图 1 2种FeCrAl包壳组件的 k_inf曲线

Figure 1. k_inf Curves of Two Kinds of FeCrAl Cladding Components　　　　　　

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图 2 FeCrAl包壳+UO₂燃料方案与Zr包壳+UO₂燃料方案的峰值包壳温度对比　　　　　

Figure 2. Peak Cladding Temperature Comparison between FeCrAl Cladding + UO₂ Fuel Scheme and Zr Cladding + UO₂ Fuel Scheme

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图 3 2种燃料组件的k_inf随循环长度变化

Figure 3. Variation of k_inf with Cycle Length for Two Kinds of Fuel Assemblies

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图 4 3种燃料组件的k_inf随燃耗深度的变化

Figure 4. Variation of k_inf with Burn-up Level for Three Kinds of Fuel Assemblies

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图 5 3种燃料组件的k_inf随循环长度变化

Figure 5. Variation of k_inf with Cycle Length for Three Kinds of Fuel Assemblies

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图 6 Cr涂层包壳+U₃Si₂燃料方案峰值包壳温度与Zr包壳+UO₂燃料方案对比

Figure 6. Peak Cladding Temperature Comparison between the Cr-coated Cladding + U₃Si₂Fuel Scheme and the Zr Cladding + UO₂Fuel Scheme

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图 7 3种燃料组件的k_inf随燃耗深度的变化

Figure 7. Variation of k_inf with Burn-up Level for Three Kinds of Fuel Assemblies

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图 8 3种燃料组件k_inf随循环长度变化

Figure 8. Variation of k_inf with Cycle Length for Three Kinds of Fuel Assemblies

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图 9 FeCrAl包壳+U₃Si₂燃料方案峰值包壳温度与Zr包壳+UO₂燃料方案对比

Figure 9. Peak Cladding Temperature Comparison between the FeCrAl Cladding + U₃Si₂Fuel Scheme and the Zr Cladding + UO₂ Fuel Scheme

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图 10 相同燃料富集度条件下Zr包壳+UO₂燃料和SiC包壳+UO₂燃料的k_inf随燃耗深度变化

Figure 10. Variation of k_inf with Burn-up Level for Zr Cladding + UO₂ Fuel and SiC Cladding + UO₂ Fuel under the Same Fuel Enrichment Conditon

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图 11 SiC包壳+U₃Si₂燃料方案峰值包壳温度与Zr包壳+UO₂燃料方案对比

Figure 11. Peak Cladding Temperature Comparison between the SiC Cladding + U₃Si₂ Fuel Scheme and the Zr Cladding + UO₂ Fuel Scheme

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表 1 FeCrAl包壳燃料棒、M5包壳燃料棒性能对比

Table 1. Performance Comparison of FeCrAl and M5 Cladding Fuel Rods

参数名	FeCrAl包壳燃料棒	M5包壳燃料棒
寿期末燃耗/[MW·d·t⁻¹(U)]	53963	59999
裂变气体释放量/%	1.4	3.1
燃料棒内压/MPa	8.1	9.8
包壳轴向生长量/%	0.8	1.2

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表 2 相同燃料富集度下Zr包壳+UO₂燃料和FeCrAl +UO₂燃料k_inf随燃耗变化

Table 2. Variation of k_inf with Burn-up Level for Zr Cladding + UO₂ Fuel and FeCrAl + UO₂ Fuel under the Same Fuel Enrichment Degree　　　　　　　

参数名	参数值
燃耗深度/[MW·d·t⁻¹(U)]	0	150	1000	5000	10000	20000	60000
Zr包壳+UO₂燃料的k_inf	1.330409	1.286672	1.272417	1.230907	1.179455	1.093639	0.848625
FeCrAl包壳+UO₂燃料的k_inf	1.247052	1.208878	1.196887	1.161044	1.114950	1.036844	0.813415

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表 3 不同包壳壁厚、燃料装量下4.45%富集度的FeCrAl包壳+UO₂燃料卸料循环长度

Table 3. Unloading Cycle Length for 4.45% Enriched FeCrAl Cladding + UO₂Fuel under Different Cladding Wall Thickness and Fuel Inventory

参数名	参数值
FeCrAl包壳壁厚/μm	570	370	350	320	300
燃料装量增量/%	0	10	11	13	14
卸料循环长度/EFPD	1277	1526	1552	1593	1619
与Zr包壳循环长度偏差/EFPD	–245.7	3.9	29.7	70.4	96.9
与Zr包壳循环长度相对偏差/%	–16.1	0.3	2.0	4.6	6.4

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表 4 Cr涂层包壳+高铀密度燃料棒与M5包壳+UO₂燃料棒性能对比　　　　　

Table 4. Performance Comparison between Cr-coated Cladding + High Uranium Density Fuel Rod and M5 Cladding + UO₂ Fuel Rod

参数名	高铀密度燃料棒	UO₂燃料棒
燃耗/[MW·d·t⁻¹(U)]	42817	59999
燃料中心温度/℃	632	1075
包壳内表面温度/℃	378	378
燃料棒内压/MPa	8.15	9.72

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表 5 稳态工况下不同结构包壳管的温度、应力和失效概率　　　　　　　　　

Table 5. Temperature, Stress and Failure Probability of Different Structural Cladding Tubes under Steady State Conditions

结构	最高内表面温度/K	最大环向拉应力/MPa	最大轴向拉应力/MPa	失效概率
双层(外部单质SiC层)	960.2	81.2	153.1	1.23×10^–3
双层(内部单质SiC层)	948.7	73.6	162.7	6.29×10^–3

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参考文献(12)

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