Structure Design and Performance Analysis of 90Sr Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
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摘要: 本研究设计了90Sr同位素温差电源物理模型，主要包括热源、热电转换模块以及散热模块。在此基础上利用COMSOL软件对同位素电源进行有限元分析，得到了同位素电源的温度分布、电压以及功率输出特性。同时研究了热源功率衰减下的同位素电源输出特性，最后对热电材料的高度和横截面积进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明，同位素电源最大输出功率为63.6 W，热电转换效率为7.6%，在15 a内电源最大输出功率由63.6 W衰减至24.4 W。敏感性分析发现电源内阻和最大输出功率随热电材料高度的增大而增大，随横截面积的减小而增大，研究结果对同位素电源在太空、深海等恶劣环境中的应用具有重要意义。Abstract: In this paper, a physical model of 90Sr radioisotope thermoelectric generator was designed, including the heat source, thermoelectric conversion module and heat dissipation module. On this basis, the finite element analysis of generator was carried out by using the COMSOL, and the temperature distribution, voltage and power output characteristics of generator were obtained. Meanwhile, the output characteristics of generator under the attenuation of the heat source power were studied, and finally the sensitivity analysis of the height and cross-sectional area of the thermoelectric material was carried out. The research results show that the maximum output power of generator is 63.6 W, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is 7.6%, and the maximum output power of generator is reduced from 63.6 W to 24.4 W within 15 years. Sensitivity analysis found that the internal resistance and maximum output power of generator increase with the increase of the height of the thermoelectric material, and decrease with the increase of the cross-sectional area. The research results are of great significance to the application of radioisotope thermoelectric generator in harsh environments such as space and deep sea.
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图 9 热电转换模块轴向温度分布
Figure 9. Axial Temperature Distribution of Thermoelectric Conversion Module
图 15 不同时间时电源径向温度分布
Figure 15. Radial Temperature Distribution of Generator at Different Time
图 16 不同时间时热电转换模块轴向温度分布
Figure 16. Axial Temperature Distribution of Thermoelectric Conversion Module at Different Time
图 17 电源输出功率随着时间的变化特性
Figure 17. Variation Characteristics of Output Power of Generator with Time
图 18 碲化铅不同高度时热电转换模块温度分布
Figure 18. Temperature Distribution of Thermoelectric Conversion Module at Different PbTe Heights
图 19 碲化铅不同高度时电源输出功率特性
Figure 19. Output Power Characteristics of Generator at Different PbTe Heights
图 20 碲化铅不同横截面积时发电模块温度分布
Figure 20. Temperature Distribution of Thermoelectric Generator Module under Different PbTe Cross-sectional Areas
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