Effect of N and Al Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Modified 25Ni-20Cr Austenitic Stainless Steel Aged at 700℃
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摘要: 为提高25Ni-20Cr（S35140）奥氏体不锈钢的高温强度，以满足超临界水堆（SCWR）对包壳材料的应用要求。采用微合金化方法，通过添加N和Al元素，并在700℃高温时效对S35140钢的性能进行改进。结果表明，加N钢中析出纳米级NbN相，钉扎位错，随时效进行，室温拉伸强度略有提高，室温延伸率几乎不变，高温拉伸强度略有降低，而高温延伸率提升至65%，时效120 h后冲击功仍然达到111.39 J；加Al钢中析出大量NiAl相和Laves相，随时效进行，室温和高温拉伸强度均显著提升，室温拉伸强度甚至达到1000 MPa，而塑性和冲击韧性下降明显。因此在S35140钢中，加N提高了塑韧性，加Al提高了强度，均显著改善S35140钢的力学性能。
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关键词:
- S35140奥氏体钢 /
- 显微组织 /
- 力学性能 /
- 高温时效
Abstract: The high temperature strength of the 25Ni-20Cr (S35140) austenitic stainless steel needs to be improved to meet the application requirements of supercritical water reactor (SCWR) for cladding materials. In this study, the properties of S35140 Steel were improved by microalloying, adding N and Al and aging at 700℃. The results showed that nano-NbN phase precipitated in N-added steel, and dislocation was pinched. With aging, the tensile strength at room temperature increased slightly, the elongation at room temperature almost remained unchanged, and the tensile strength at high temperature decreased slightly; however, the elongation at high temperature increased to 65%, and the impact energy still reached 111.39 J after aging for 120 h. A large number of NiAl and Laves phases precipitated in Al-added steel. With aging, the tensile strength at room temperature and high temperature increased significantly, and the tensile strength at room temperature even reached 1000 MPa, while the ductility and impact toughness decreased significantly. Therefore, in S35140 steel, adding N increased the ductility and toughness, while adding Al increased the strength, both of which significantly improved the mechanical properties of S35140 steel.-
Key words:
- S35140 austenitic steel /
- Microstructure /
- Mechanical properties /
- Thermal aging
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图 2 2种钢的JMatPro软件计算结果
Figure 2. JMatPro Software Calculation Results for Two Kinds of Steel
图 4 N钢在700℃时效过程中晶界析出相的SEM照片
Figure 4. SEM Photographs of Precipitates at Grain Boundary of N Steel during Aging at 700℃
图 5 3Al钢在700℃时效过程中晶界析出相的SEM照片
Figure 5. SEM Photographs of Precipitates at Grain Boundary of 3Al Steel during Aging at 700℃
图 6 时效360 h后N钢晶界处析出相的TEM照片及面扫结果
Figure 6. TEM Photographs and EDS Maping of Precipitates at Grain Boundary of N Steel after 360 h Aging
图 7 时效360 h后3Al钢晶内处析出相的TEM照片及面扫结果
Figure 7. TEM Photographs and EDS Maping of Intragranular Precipitates in 3Al Steel after 360 h Aging
图 8 时效360 h后N钢晶界析出相的SAED图
Figure 8. SAED Photographs of Precipitates at Grain Boundary of N Steel after Aging for 360 h
图 9 时效360 h后N钢晶内析出相TEM照片
Figure 9. TEM Photographs of Intragranular Precipitates in N Steel after 360 h Aging
图 10 时效360 h后3Al钢晶内析出相的TEM照片
Figure 10. TEM Photographs of Intragranular Precipitates in 3Al Steel after 360 h Aging
图 11 N钢在室温及700℃高温下的应力-应变曲线
Figure 11. Stress-Strain Curves of N Steel at Room Temperature and 700℃
图 12 3Al钢在室温及700℃高温下的应力-应变曲线
Figure 12. Stress-Strain Curves of 3Al Steel at Room Temperature and 700℃
图 13 N钢时效态样品室温拉伸断口的SEM照片
Figure 13. SEM Photographs of Tensile Fracture of Aged N Steel Sample at Room Temperature
图 14 3Al钢时效态样品室温拉伸断口的SEM照片
Figure 14. SEM Photographs of Tensile Fracture of Aged 3Al Steel Sample at Room Temperature
表 1 2种改进型S35140钢的实际成分
Table 1. Actual Composition of Two Kinds of Modified S35140 Steel
实验钢 元素质量分数/% Cr Ni Nb Al Si C Mo N Ti Fe N钢 19.59 24.20 0.77 0.02 0.4 0.03 1.69 0.1 0.04 Bal. 3Al钢 17.31 28.51 0.58 3.11 0.1 0.04 2.28 0 0.02 Bal. Bal.—Fe元素占比余量 
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表 2 时效360 h后N钢晶内析出相的EDS结果
Table 2. EDS Results for Intragranular Precipitates in N Steel after 360 h Aging
标记 元素原子百分比/% C N Cr Fe Ni Nb Mo ① 0 6.28 7.28 5.25 1.50 79.69 0 ② 0 2.43 18.43 5.01 1.64 66.81 5.69 ③ 0.15 3.30 17.64 26.00 12.24 39.36 1.32 ④ 0.83 2.74 10.08 9.71 3.26 72.57 0.81 ⑤ 0 2.60 20.09 50.22 24.59 0.10 2.39
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表 3 时效360 h后3Al钢晶内析出相的EDS结果
Table 3. EDS Results of Intragranular Precipitates in 3Al Steel after 360 h Aging
标记 元素原子百分比/% C Al Cr Fe Ni Nb Mo ① 0 28.91 2.43 13.68 54.51 0.18 0.26 ② 0 10.00 11.70 45.58 32.13 0.03 0.55 ③ 0 6.45 13.15 48.53 31.19 0.02 0.66 ④ 0.84 28.81 2.42 14.38 53.17 0.10 0.15 ⑤ 0 0.76 15.08 54.53 11.74 5.21 12.53 ⑥ 0.10 0.53 13.26 45.18 6.18 10.08 24.55 ⑦ 0 1.23 15.45 53.74 11.61 5.67 13.12 ⑧ 0 1.63 16.80 61.08 18.90 0.15 1.38
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表 4 N钢和3Al钢时效态样品的室温冲击功
Table 4. Impact Energy of Aged N and 3Al Steel at Room Temperature
钢种 时效时间/h 冲击功/J N钢 0 264.47 50 166.87 360 111.39 3Al钢 0 357.76 120 44.81 360 48.24
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