模块化铅基快堆铀锆合金燃料堆芯概念设计优化

娄磊; 王连杰; 陈长; 赵晨; 周冰燕; 严明宇; 马党伟

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.06.0001

模块化铅基快堆铀锆合金燃料堆芯概念设计优化

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.06.0001

中国核动力研究设计院核反应堆系统设计技术重点实验室，成都，610213

详细信息

作者简介:
娄　磊（1988—），男，高级工程师，现主要从事反应堆物理设计研究工作，E-mail: 371682011@qq.com

通讯作者:
王连杰，E-mail: mcd2264@126.com

中图分类号: TL329
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-12
- 修回日期: 2023-02-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-11
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-15

Conceptual Design Optimization of Uranium-zirconium Alloy Fuel Core for Modular Lead-based Fast Reactor

Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入研究第四代核能系统堆型之一铅基快堆的物理性能，进一步提高模块化铅基快堆的安全性和经济性，对铀锆合金燃料装载的不同功率水平的模块化铅基快堆堆芯特性进行研究，发现当堆芯功率提升至一定水平时，堆芯的增殖优势在规定寿期内不能得到充分释放。基于此现象，对模块化铅基快堆铀锆合金燃料堆芯的概念设计进行优化，基于堆芯功率水平和寿期，选择合适的栅距棒径比和燃料芯体有效密度，通过调整单位体积内的铀装量和²³⁵U装量调整堆芯的增殖性能，最终使堆芯反应性变化与堆芯功率、寿期基本匹配，寿期内堆芯反应性几乎不发生变化。优化后降低了堆芯反应性控制难度，充分利用了堆芯的增殖性能，同时合理的栅距棒径比为堆芯热工分析提供了安全和设计裕量，有效提高了堆芯的经济性和安全性。
- 铅基 /
- 铀锆合金 /
- 增殖 /
- 燃料芯体密度 /
- 栅距棒径比
Abstract: In order to deeply study the physical properties of lead-based fast reactor, one of the reactor types of the fourth generation nuclear energy system, and further improve the safety and economy of modular lead-based fast reactor, the core characteristics of modular lead-based fast reactor with different power levels loaded with uranium-zirconium alloy fuel were studied, and it was found that when the core power was raised to a certain level, the breeding advantage of the core could not be fully released within the specified life. Based on this phenomenon, the conceptual design of modular lead-based fast reactor uranium-zirconium alloy fuel core is optimized. Based on the core power level and service life, the appropriate ratio of grid spacing to rod diameter and the effective density of fuel core are selected, and the breeding performance of core is adjusted by adjusting the uranium loading per unit volume and the ²³⁵U loading. Finally, the core reactivity changes are basically matched with the core power and service life, so that the core reactivity hardly changes during the service life. The optimization not only reduces the difficulty of core reactivity control, but also makes full use of the breeding performance of the core. At the same time, the reasonable ratio of grid spacing to rod diameter provides safety and design margin for thermal analysis of the core, which effectively improves the economy and safety of the core.
- Lead-based /
- Uranium-zirconium alloy /
- Breading /
- Density of fuel core /
- Ratio of grid spacing to rod diameter

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图 1 燃料组件示意图

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Fuel Assembly

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图 2 各方案堆芯布置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of Core Layout for Each Scheme

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图 3 各方案堆芯k_eff随燃耗寿期变化曲线

Figure 3. Variation Curve of Core k_effwith Burnup for Each Scheme　　　　　

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图 4 优化栅距棒径比前后各方案堆芯k_eff随堆芯寿期变化曲线　　　　

Figure 4. Variation Curve of Core k_effwith Core Life for Each Scheme before and after Optimization of the Ratio of Grid Spacing to Rod Diameter

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图 5 优化燃料芯体密度前后各方案堆芯k_eff随堆芯寿期变化曲线

Figure 5. Variation Curve of Core k_effwith Core Life for Each Scheme before and after Optimization of the Density of Fuel Pin

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表 1 组件主要设计参数

Table 1. Main Design Parameters of Assembly

参数名	参数值	参数名	参数值
燃料芯体直径/mm	8.0	组件中心距/mm	93.5
气隙厚度/mm	0.1	组件盒内对边距/mm	88.0
包壳厚度/mm	0.5	组件盒内外边距/mm	93.0
包壳外直径/mm	9.2	组件盒厚度/mm	2.5
燃料棒中心距/mm	10.9	组件内燃料棒数目/根	61
燃料有效温度/K	900	冷却剂温度/K	700

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表 2 各堆芯方案设计参数

Table 2. Design Parameters of Each Core Scheme

设计参数	堆芯方案
设计参数	1	2	3	4	5
反应堆热功率/MW	100	300	500	700	1000
燃耗寿期/EFPD	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000
燃料芯块密度/(g·cm⁻³)	11.94	11.94	11.94	11.94	11.94
燃料芯体类型	U-10Zr	U-10Zr	U-10Zr	U-10Zr	U-10Zr
寿期初²³⁵U质量/kg	882	2025	2930	4143	5952
寿期初²³⁸U质量/kg	3895	12242	19673	28510	42912
寿期末²³⁵U质量/kg	668	1425	1970	2782	3955
寿期末²³⁸U质量/kg	3762	11714	18711	27008	40605
寿期末²³⁹Pu质量/kg	94	372	667	964	1441
²³⁵U利用率/%	24.32	29.64	32.77	32.85	33.55
²³⁸U利用率/%	3.42	4.32	4.89	5.27	5.38
燃料富集度/%	19.50	15.00	14.00	14.00	13.50
	18.50	14.00	12.50	13.00	12.50
	17.50	13.50	12.00	12.00	11.50
				10.00	10.00
燃料组件数量	344	433	686	991	1483
控制棒组件数量	18	36	35	36	30
活性区高度/mm	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
活性区直径/mm	1300	2200	2700	3300	3900
平均燃料富集度/%	16.62	12.77	11.67	11.42	10.96
堆芯线功率密度/(W·cm⁻¹)	11.31	11.36	11.95	11.58	11.05
堆芯体功率密度/(W·cm⁻³)	91.09	91.51	96.27	93.30	89.06
寿期初堆芯k_eff	1.059786	1.027194	1.009590	1.012693	1.012008
寿期末堆芯k_eff	1.008881	1.005588	1.009543	1.017490	1.023341
k_eff—有效增殖因子

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表 3 优化栅距棒径比前后各堆芯方案设计参数

Table 3. Design Parameters of Each Core Scheme before and after Optimization of the Ratio of Grid Spacing to Rod Diameter

设计参数	堆芯方案
设计参数	4	4-O1	4-O2	5	5-O1	5-O2
反应堆热功率/MW	700	700	700	1000	1000	1000
燃耗寿期/EFPD	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000
燃料棒中心距/mm	10.9	11.2	12.5	10.9	12.0	12.5
组件中心距/mm	93.5	96.5	105.5	93.5	103.5	105.5
组件盒内对边距/mm	88.0	91.0	100.0	88.0	98.0	100.0
组件盒内外边距/mm	93.0	96.0	105.0	93.0	103.0	105.0
寿期初²³⁵U质量/kg	4143	4183	4633	5952	6441	6579
寿期初²³⁸U质量/kg	28510	28470	28020	42912	42423	42285
寿期末²³⁵U质量/kg	2782	2884	3212	3955	4448	4568
寿期末²³⁸U质量/kg	27008	27153	26765	40605	40509	40402
寿期末²³⁹Pu质量/kg	964	914	901	1441	1379	1362
²³⁵U利用率/%	32.85	31.05	30.67	33.55	30.94	30.57
²³⁸U利用率/%	5.27	4.63	4.48	5.38	4.51	4.45
燃料富集度/%	14.00	14.00	15.50	13.50	14.50	14.70
	13.00	13.00	14.50	12.50	13.50	13.70
	12.00	12.00	13.50	11.50	12.50	12.70
	10.00	11.00	11.50	10.00	11.00	11.70
平均燃料富集度/%	11.42	11.53	12.77	10.96	11.86	12.12
堆芯线功率密度/(W·cm⁻¹)	11.58	11.58	11.58	11.05	11.05	11.05
堆芯体功率密度/(W·cm⁻³)	93.30	87.59	73.28	89.06	72.69	69.96
寿期初堆芯k_eff	1.012693	1.008185	1.022413	1.012008	1.009678	1.014986
寿期末堆芯k_eff	1.017490	1.007989	1.005618	1.023341	1.006486	1.008197

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表 4 优化燃料芯体密度前后各堆芯方案设计参数

Table 4. Design Parameters of Each Core Scheme before and after Optimization of the Density of Fuel Pin

设计参数	堆芯方案
设计参数	4	4-O3	4-O4
反应堆热功率/MW	700	700	700
燃耗寿期/EFPD	2000	2000	2000
燃料芯体有效密度份额/%	75	70	65
燃料芯体密度/(g·cm⁻³)	11.940	11.144	10.384
寿期初²³⁵U质量/kg	4143	3965	3908
寿期初²³⁸U质量/kg	28510	26511	24391
寿期末²³⁵U质量/kg	2782	2616	2542
寿期末²³⁸U质量/kg	27008	25112	23095
寿期末²³⁹Pu质量/kg	964	937	886
²³⁵U利用率/%	32.85	34.02	34.95
²³⁸U利用率/%	5.27	5.28	5.31
燃料富集度/%	14.00	14.20	15.00
	13.00	13.20	14.00
	12.00	12.20	13.00
	10.00	11.20	12.00
平均燃料富集度/%	11.42	11.71	12.43
寿期初堆芯k_eff	1.012693	1.008178	1.018577
寿期末堆芯k_eff	1.017490	1.008019	1.005044

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