Analysis of Start-up Characteristics of Heat Pipe Reactor
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摘要: 热管反应堆在中子能谱、燃料及堆芯结构、温度反馈系数、反应性控制方式、冷却剂等方面与压水堆存在较大的不同，导致其启堆过程中堆芯可能出现较大的功率峰值并导致热管两端出现较大的温差。针对上述问题，以陆地热管反应堆为研究对象，提出了“蛙跳式”启堆控制策略，通过理论分析的方法提出了策略的控制整定值；在系统设计改进方面，提出了增加空气预热器用于热管完全启动前热管冷凝段预热的方案；并采用数值计算的方法对前述方案的应用效果进行了分析和验证。计算结果表明，提出的启堆控制策略和系统设计改进方案减小了启堆过程中堆芯功率的波动幅度，减小了热管启动过程中热管蒸发段和冷凝段的温差，并相应降低了热管热应力，提高了热管运行的可靠性。其研究成果为控制鼓的设计提供了输入，也为反应堆保护与控制系统相关监测参数的设定和热管堆气体冷却系统的设计方案提供了参考。
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关键词:
- 热管反应堆（HPR） /
- 启堆 /
- 控制策略 /
- 热管冷凝段预热
Abstract: The heat pipe reactor differs significantly from the pressurized water reactor in terms of neutron energy spectrum, fuel and core structure, temperature feedback coefficient, reactivity control method, and coolant, which may lead to a large power peak in the core and temperature difference at both ends of the heat pipe during startup. In response to these issues, this paper focuses on the land-based heat pipe reactor and proposes a “leapfrog” startup control strategy. The control set values of the strategy are determined through theoretical analysis. In terms of system design improvement, a scheme is proposed to add an air preheater for preheating the condensation section of the heat pipe before the heat pipe is completely started. The application effect of the aforementioned scheme is analyzed and verified using numerical calculations. The results show that the startup control strategy and system design improvement proposed in this paper reduce the fluctuation amplitude of core power during startup, decrease the temperature difference between the evaporation and condensation sections of the of heat pipe during startup, and correspondingly reduce the thermal stress of the heat pipe, thereby improving the reliability of heat pipe operation. The research findings of this paper provide input for drum control design and serve as a reference for setting monitoring parameters related to reactor protection and control systems. The relevant research findings of this paper can also provide reference for the design of gas-cooled systems in heat pipe reactors. -
图 4 HPR控制鼓完全旋入状态示意图
Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of Fully Screwed State of Control Drum of HPR
图 5 匀速旋转控制鼓启堆过程中堆芯功率及燃料、基体平均温度的变化
Figure 5. Changes of Core Power and Average Temperature of Fuel and Matrix during Start-up with Control Drum Rotating at Constant Speed
图 6 布雷顿系统改进设计方案示意图
Figure 6. Schematic Diagram of Improved Design Scheme of Brayton System
图 7 “蛙跳式”启堆过程中堆芯功率及燃料、基体平均温度变化情况
Figure 7. Changes of Core Power and Average Temperature of Fuel and Matrix during "Leapfrog" Start-Up
图 8 “蛙跳式”启堆过程中堆芯基体最高温度变化情况
Figure 8. Maximum Temperature Change of Core Matrix during "Leapfrog" Start-Up
图 9 “蛙跳式”启堆过程中热管壁面温度变化情况
Figure 9. Temperature Change of Wall Surface of Heat Pipe during "Leapfrog" Start-Up
图 10 “蛙跳式”启堆过程中热管蒸发段与冷凝段温差
Figure 10. Temperature Difference between Evaporation Section and Condensation Section of Heat Pipe During "Leapfrog" Start-Up
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