Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Steady-State Operation Scheme Design of Gas-Cooled Microreactor
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摘要: 气冷微堆是一个高度集成的系统，所涉及的设备是高度耦合和相互约束的。文章通过理论推导，建立了5 MW气冷微堆的动态仿真模型，并分析了系统的动态特性，在此基础上提出了气冷微堆稳态运行方案设计方法。模型稳态计算结果与设计值的相对误差小于1%，瞬态计算结果与实验结果趋势一致，流量最大误差小于0.53 kg/s，压力最大误差小于0.027 MPa。稳态运行方案为：在50%FP~100%FP（FP为满负荷）负荷水平，随负荷的减小，反应堆出口氦气温度和转子转速保持不变；在0%FP~50%FP负荷水平，随负荷的减小，反应堆出口氦气温度和转速线性减小；在0%FP ~100%FP负荷水平，预冷器和间冷器出口氦气温度不变。所提出的稳态运行方案保证了气冷微堆在大范围变工况时安全、稳定和高效地运行。Abstract: The gas-cooled microreactor is a highly integrated system, in which the equipment is highly coupled and mutually constrained. The dynamic simulation model of a 5 MW gas-cooled microreactor is established through theoretical derivation, and the dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed. On this basis, the steady-state operation scheme design method of the gas-cooled microreactor is proposed. Compared with the design value, the relative error of steady-state calculation results is less than 1%. The transient calculation results of the model are consistent with the experimental results. The maximum error of flow is less than 0.53 kg/s, and the maximum error of pressure is less than 0.027 MPa. The steady-state operation scheme is as follows: at the load level of 50%FP~100%FP (full power), the helium temperature at the reactor outlet and the rotor speed remain unchanged as the load decreases; at the load level of 0%FP~50%FP, the reactor outlet helium temperature and rotor speed linearly decrease with the decrease of the load; the helium temperature at the outlet of precooler and intercooler is constant at 0%FP~100%FP load level. The proposed steady-state operation scheme ensures the safe, stable and efficient operation of the gas-cooled microreactor under a wide range of variable operating conditions.
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图 3 外部负荷阶跃减小扰动下气冷微堆动态响应
Figure 3. Dynamic Responses of Gas-Cooled Microreactor under the Disturbance of Step External Load Reduction
图 5 气冷微堆稳态运行方案计算程序
Wcor—低压压气机入口折合流量计算值；Wcor_set—低压压气机入口折合流量设计值
Figure 5. Calculation Code of Gas-Cooled Microreactor Steady-State Operation Scheme
图 6 气冷微堆系统稳态运行方案
Figure 6. Steady-state Operation Scheme of Gas-Cooled Microreactor System
表 1 气冷微堆模型稳态计算结果与设计值对比
Table 1. Comparison between Steady-state Calculation Results of Gas-Cooled Micro-Reactor Model and Design Values
参数 设计值 计算值 相对误差/% 核反应堆功率/MW 5 5 0 反应堆出口氦气温度/℃ 750 750.1 0.1 反应堆出口氦气流量/(kg·s−1) 3.66 3.69 0.8 高压压气机出口氦气压力/MPa 1.73 1.72 0.6 转子转速/(r·min−1) 21600 21600 0 电功率/MW 1.81 1.81 0 预/间冷器出口氦气温度/℃ 35 35 0 
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