Development of Test Platform for LBE Aerosol Kinetics and Preliminary Parameter Measurement
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摘要: 铅铋快堆的一回路冷却剂液态铅铋合金（LBE）受中子辐照会产生放射性核素210Po，210Po具有一定挥发性，有必要深入研究210Po的迁移扩散行为。气溶胶是易挥发放射性核素释放的主要载体，本文基于国内外关于反应堆气溶胶实验平台的设计运行经验研制了LBE气溶胶动力学实验平台，通过结合扫描电迁移率法和光学散射法，实现了对LBE气溶胶粒子计数与粒径分布的广谱测量。测量结果表明，LBE气溶胶的粒径分布主要为纳米级。通过对测量结果的数据处理，初步开展了LBE气溶胶动力学分析，从而为铅铋快堆放射性气溶胶的后续安全分析提供关键参数。Abstract: In Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactors, the primary coolant liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is subject to neutron irradiation, which generates the radioactive nuclide polonium (210Po). Given the volatility of 210Po, it is essential to thoroughly investigate its migration and diffusion behavior. Aerosols are the primary carriers of volatile radioactive nuclides. Drawing on domestic and international experience in the design and operation of reactor aerosol experimental platforms, this paper presents the development of an LBE aerosol kinetics experimental platform. By combining scanning electrical mobility and optical scattering methods, a broad-spectrum measurement of LBE aerosol particle count and size distribution was achieved. The results indicate that the particle size distribution of LBE aerosols is mainly at the nano-level. Preliminary LBE aerosol kinetics analysis was conducted through data processing of the measurement results, thereby providing key parameters for subsequent safety analysis of radioactive aerosols in Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactors.
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图 1 LBE气溶胶动力学实验平台示意图
DEMC—电迁移率分级器；UF-CPC冷凝颗粒计数器；P—压力表；T—温度表
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Test Platform for LBE Aerosol Kinetics
图 3 光学散射法和扫描电迁移率法的测量结果对比
Figure 3. Comparison of Measurement Results between Optical Scattering Method and Scanning Electromobility Method
图 4 不同载气流量下的LBE气溶胶颗粒数
Figure 4. Number of LBE Aerosol Particles under Different Carrier Gas Flow Rates
图 5 不同载气下的LBE气溶胶颗粒数
Figure 5. Number of LBE Aerosol Particles under Different Carrier Gases
图 7 873 K下LBE气溶胶颗粒质量浓度分布与占比
Figure 7. Mass Concentration Distribution and Proportion of LBE Aerosol Particles at 873 K
表 1 LBE气溶胶环境腔实验工况
Table 1. Test Condition of LBE Aerosol Generation Environment Chamber
实验条件 具体参数 环境腔尺寸（长×宽×高） 2000 mm×500 mm×1000 mm 湿度范围 30%~100% RH；
控制精度+2%～−3% RH温度范围 283~343 K；
控制精度±2 KRH—相对湿度 
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表 2 气溶胶测量系统参数
Table 2. Parameters of Aerosol Measurement System
参量名称 扫描电迁移率法 光学散射法 设备型号 U-SMP Promo 2000 粒径范围 8 ~1200 nm 0.2~10 μm；0.3~17 μm；
0.6 ~40 μm；2 ~100 μm峰值颗粒数/cm−3 0~108 1~106 体积流量/(L·min−1) 2.5~14 5
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表 3 载气体积流量的敏感性实验
Table 3. Sensitivity Experiment of Carrier Gas Flow Rate
实验编号 1 2 3 载气体积流量/sccm 20 50 100 载气种类 Ar/1%H2 Ar/1%H2 Ar/1%H2 蒸发温度/K 873.5 873.5 873.5 环境腔温度/K 298 298 298 峰值颗粒粒径/nm 30.5 30.5 32.8 峰值颗粒数/cm−3 4169 4154 4256
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表 4 载气种类的敏感性实验
Table 4. Sensitivity Experiment of Carrier Gas Type
实验编号 4 5 6 蒸发温度/K 873.5 873.5 873.5 载气种类 Ar/1%H2 N2 He 载气体积流量/sccm 100 100 100 环境腔温度/K 298 298 298 峰值颗粒粒径/nm 26.4 30.5 12.8/89.8 峰值颗粒数/cm−3 500 643 143/212
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表 5 LBE环境气溶胶粒径测量实验参数
Table 5. Experimental Parameters of LBE Aerosol Particle Size Measurement in Real Environment
实验编号 7 8 9 样品温度/K 873.5 载气种类 Ar/1%H2 Ar/1%H2 Ar/1%H2 载气体积流量/sccm 100 100 100 伴热温度/K 413 413 环境腔温度/K 298 298 298
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