Simulation Study on Transport Characteristics of Radioactive Aerosol in Containment
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摘要: 为探明实际安全壳尺寸下严重事故中放射性气溶胶的输运特征，利用计算流体动力学和颗粒群平衡方程耦合，模拟了严重事故中放射性气溶胶在安全壳内的空间分布规律，并重点定量分析了不同聚并机制和沉积机制对于气溶胶输运过程的影响。结果表明，粒径小于0.1 μm的气溶胶颗粒的相互作用主要受布朗聚并影响，粒径大于10 μm的主要受湍流惯性聚并影响，粒径介于两者之间的受布朗聚并和湍流聚并（湍流惯性聚并和湍流剪切聚并）共同影响。对于沉积现象，粒径小于0.1 μm的气溶胶主要受布朗扩散沉积影响，粒径大于0.1 μm的主要受重力沉积影响。湍流聚并的平均聚并速度是布朗聚并速度的2.99倍，布朗扩散沉积的平均沉积速率是重力沉积的1.38倍。本研究为实际安全壳尺寸下放射性气溶胶去除技术的选取提供了解决思路。Abstract: In order to find out the transport characteristics of radioactive aerosol in a serious accident under the actual containment size, the spatial distribution of radioactive aerosol in a serious accident was simulated by using the coupling of computational fluid dynamics and particle swarm equilibrium equation, and the effects of different coalescence and deposition mechanisms on the aerosol transport process are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the interaction among aerosol particulates with a particle size smaller than 0.1 μm are mainly driven by Brownian coalescence, while those larger than 10 μm are dependent mainly on turbulent inertial coalescence, and those between the two sizes are dominated by both of Brownian coalescence and turbulent coalescence (turbulent inertial coalescence and turbulent shear coalescence). For the deposition phenomenon, the aerosols with particle size less than 0.1 μm rely mainly on Brownian deposition, while those larger than 0.1 μm are mainly affected by gravity deposition. It is found that the average coalescence velocity of turbulent coalescence is 2.99 times that of Brownian coalescence, and the average deposition rate of Brownian deposition is 1.38 times that of gravitational deposition. This study provides a solution for the selection of radioactive aerosol removal technology under the actual containment size.
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Key words:
- Containment /
- Aerosol /
- Particle swarm balance /
- Coalescence /
- Deposition /
- Transport properties
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图 5 0.1 μm气溶胶1聚并核随气溶胶2粒径的变化
Figure 5. Variation of Coalescence Kernel of 0.1 μm Aerosol 1 with Aerosol 2 Size
图 6 1 μm气溶胶1聚并核随气溶胶2粒径的变化
Figure 6. Variation of Coalescence Kernel of 1 μm Aerosol 1 with Aerosol 2 Size
图 7 10 μm气溶胶1聚并核随气溶胶2粒径的变化
Figure 7. Variation of Coalescence Kernel of 10 μm Aerosol 1 with Aerosol 2 Size
图 9 不同聚并机制下数浓度随时间的变化
Figure 9. Variation of Number Density with Time under Different Coalescence Mechanisms
图 10 不同聚并机制下数浓度聚并速率随时间变化
Figure 10. Variation of Aerosol Number Density Coalescence Rate with Time under Different Coalescence Mechanisms
图 11 不同沉积机制下数浓度随时间的变化
Figure 11. Variation of Number Density with Time under Different Deposition Mechanisms
图 12 不同沉积机制下数浓度沉积速率随时间的变化
Figure 12. Variation of Number Density Deposition Rate with Time under Different Deposition Mechanisms
图 13 安全壳内压力和温度随时间的变化
Figure 13. Changes of Pressure and Temperature in the Containment with Time
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