Study on Weight-gain Model of FeCrAl Alloy by Steam Oxidation at Medium and High Temperature
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摘要: 通过预测FeCrAl合金在不同温度下的水蒸气氧化行为，从而为反应堆失水事故（LOCA）下的FeCrAl包壳性能演化仿真提供模型。本文基于反应控制与扩散控制的氧化机制，提出了两段式的氧化增重微分模型，并给出了模型参数标定方法。结合实验提供的FeCrAl合金在高温（900~1200℃）与中温（400℃）条件下的水蒸气氧化增重数据，模型能够统一描述400~1200℃温度区间内的FeCrAl合金氧化增重行为，与实验数据的误差控制在20%以内。同时观测到，反应-扩散机制的临界增重在400~900℃时基本不变，在更高温度时显著上升，其原因是高温时氧化层生长过快，难以形成致密的氧化保护层。考虑实际LOCA时初始水腐蚀氧化层的影响以及气压变化，模型给出了相对应的修正方案。本研究有望为FeCrAl合金包壳在LOCA下的失效行为仿真提供氧化增重模型与数据。
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关键词:
- FeCrAl合金 /
- 耐事故燃料（ATF） /
- 氧化增重 /
- 高温水蒸气氧化 /
- 失水事故（LOCA）
Abstract: In order to predict the steam oxidation behavior of FeCrAl alloy at different temperatures and provide the model for the evolution simulation of the performance of FeCrAl cladding under loss of coolant accident (LOCA), a two-stage differential oxidation weight-gain model was proposed based on the reaction and diffusion control mechanisms, and a parameter calibration method was also presented. Combined with the experimental data from FeCrAl steam oxidation tests at high temperature (900-1200℃) and medium temperature (400℃), the model can uniformly describe the weight-gain behavior of FeCrAl alloy in the temperature range of 400-1200℃, and the error with experimental data is controlled within 20%. At the same time, it is observed that the critical weight-gain of the reaction-diffusion mechanism is basically unchanged at 400-900℃, but increases significantly at higher temperature, because the oxidation layer grows too fast to form the dense oxidation protective layer. In addition, considering the influence of initial oxide layer from water corrosion and the change of steam pressure during LOCA, a modified scheme of the oxidation-weight gain model is given. This study is expected to provide oxidation model and parameters for the failure behavior simulation of the FeCrAl alloy cladding under LOCA accidents. -
图 1 FeCrAl合金的水蒸气氧化增重随时间变化曲线与初步拟合结果
Figure 1. Curves for Steam Oxidation Weight-gain of FeCrAl Alloy with Time and Preliminary Fitting Results
图 2 高温水蒸气氧化实验中FeCrAl合金氧化速率随温度变化的Arrhenius公式拟合结果
Figure 2. Arrhenius Formula Fitting Results for the Change of Oxidation Rate of FeCrAl Alloy with Temperature in High Temperature Steam Oxidation Experiment
图 3 FeCrAl合金的指前因子随激活能变化曲线
Figure 3. Curve of Pre-exponential Factor of FeCrAl Alloy with Activation Energy
图 4 补全反应阶段后的氧化增重模型曲线
Figure 4. Oxidation Weight-gain Curves with the Supplement Reaction Stage
图 5 $ W_{\text{I-II}} $随$ {k_{\text{I}}} $变化关系曲线
Figure 5. The Relationship between $ W_{\text{I-II}} $ and $ {k_{\text{I}}} $
图 6 各类合金在高温水蒸气扩散阶段的氧化速率比较[3]
Figure 6. Comparison of High Temperature Steam Oxidation Rate at Diffusion Stage for Different Types of Alloys
表 1 FeCrAl合金水蒸气氧化增重模型参数
Table 1. Parameters of FeCrAl Alloy Oxidation Weight Gain Model
样品 T/℃ $ {Q_{\text{I}}} $/(kJ·mol–1) $ {A_{\text{I}}} $/(mg·cm–2·s–1) $ {Q_{{\text{II}}}} $/(kJ·mol–1) $ A\mathrm{_{II}} $/(mg2·cm–4·s–1) $ W_{\text{I-II}} $/(mg·cm–2) S1合金 900 80.4 0.12 89.1 0.016 0.06（0.10） 1000 0.13 1100 0.23 1200 0.40 400 0.11 S2合金 400 74.2 0.12 82.2 0.016 0.16 括号内数据指模型修正后的数据 
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