Performance Design and Experimental Study of Large-load Isolators
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摘要: 采用碟形弹簧与磁流变液相结合的方式，针对核动力系统重型设备设计了一种大承载隔振器。该隔振器采用磁流变液阻尼器作为主要阻尼部件，采用小刚度和大刚度碟形弹簧复合组件作为主要承载结构。通过对碟形弹簧复合组件进行分析设计，确定复合组件的结构参数，构造隔振器样品。对隔振器样品进行动静刚度和阻尼比性能测试，结果表明该隔振器的额定承载达到11 t，额定承载下固有频率约为6.2 Hz，在主要隔振频率范围内的动刚度和阻尼比性能较为稳定。但动刚度和阻尼比受振动幅度影响较大，当振动幅度由0.05 mm提高至0.2 mm时，动刚度由约100 kN/mm降低至约45 kN/mm，阻尼比由约0.07提高至约0.19。本文研究可为后续工程应用提供技术参考和支撑。Abstract: A large-load isolator is designed for heavy equipment of nuclear power system by combining disc spring with magnetorheological liquid phase. The magnetorheological fluid damper is used as the main damping component, and the composite component of small stiffness and large stiffness disc spring is used as the main bearing structure. Through the analysis and design of the disc spring composite component, the structural parameters of the composite component are determined, and the sample isolator is formed accordingly. The spring rate ratio and damping ratio of the isolator samples were tested. The results show that the rated load of the isolator reaches 11 tons and the natural frequency is about 6.2 Hz. The dynamic stiffness and damping ratio performance of the isolator are relatively stable in the range of main vibration isolation frequencies. However, the dynamic stiffness and damping ratio are greatly affected by the amplitude. When the vibration amplitude increases from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, the dynamic stiffness decreases from about 100 kN/mm to about 45 kN/mm, and the damping ratio increases from about 0.07 to about 0.19. The research in this paper can provide technical reference and support for subsequent engineering applications.
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Key words:
- Isolator /
- Large-load /
- Disc springs /
- Stiffness /
- Damping ratio
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图 1 碟形弹簧结构示意图
D—碟形弹簧外径；d—碟形弹簧内径；t—碟形弹簧厚度；H—碟形弹簧自由高度；b—支承面宽度；h1—无支承面碟形弹簧内锥高；h—有支承面碟形弹簧内锥高；P1—无支承面碟形弹簧载荷；P—有支承面碟形弹簧载荷
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Disk Spring
图 3 小刚度碟形弹簧轴向变形与承载关系曲线
Figure 3. Displacement Versus Load Curves for Small Stiffness Disc Spring
图 4 小刚度碟形弹簧轴向变形与刚度关系曲线
Figure 4. Displacement Versus Stiffness Curves for Small Stiffness Disc Spring
图 5 z=1.2时大刚度碟形弹簧轴向变形与承载关系曲线
Figure 5. Displacement Versus Load Curves for Large Stiffness Disc Spring at z=1.2
图 6 额定承载25 t时大刚度碟形弹簧轴向变形与承载关系曲线
Figure 6. Displacement Versus Load Curves for Large Stiffness Disc Spring with a Rated Load of 25 t
图 7 额定承载25 t时大刚度碟形弹簧轴向变形与刚度关系曲线
Figure 7. Displacement Versus Stiffness Curves for Large Stiffness Disc Spring with a Rated Load of 25 t
图 11 隔振器静刚度测试曲线与理论曲线对比图
Figure 11. Static Stiffness Test Curves and Theoretical Curve of Vibration Isolator
表 1 隔振器主要特性参数对照表
Table 1. Comparison of Main Characteristic Parameters of Isolator
主要特性 需求值 设计值 额定承载/t ≥10 约11 额定承载下固有频率/Hz <8 约6 额定承载下压缩变形量/mm 约7.5 约7.5 刚度下限/(kN·mm−1) 6 6 安装最大外径/mm ≤350 ＜350 安装最大高度/mm ≤400 ＜400 
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表 2 不同振动幅度下隔振器的动刚度和阻尼比测试结果
Table 2. Test Results of Dynamic Stiffness and Damping Ratio under Different Vibration Amplitudes
振动幅度/mm 0.50 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.02 动刚度/(kN·mm−1) 26 46 69 96 108 阻尼比 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.07 0.06
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