Impact of Decay on the Transport of Radioactive Aerosols in Long Square Tubes
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摘要: 衰变射线会导致放射性气溶胶颗粒表面电荷积累，进而影响其迁移过程。然而，目前放射性核素输运模拟中并没有考虑衰变的荷电效应。本文基于Python建立颗粒衰变荷电模型，然后提出颗粒衰变荷电、流场耦合方案，并在流体仿真软件Fluent中完成耦合。分别对含106Ru、131I、132Te、137Cs颗粒衰变荷电模型结果进行分析，结果表明颗粒电荷会在较短时间后达到平衡值。在Fluent中模拟含132Te的颗粒在长直方管中的流动，结果表明电场力主要存在于管壁附近，指向颗粒浓度下降方向，这表明衰变荷电会促进气溶胶的扩散，使其更快地充满整个空间。本文的研究为后续放射性核素输运模拟时，对衰变、电场和流场的耦合方案和模拟结果提供参考。Abstract: Decay radiation can cause accumulation of surface charges of radioactive aerosol particles, and then affect their migration process. However, the charge effect of decay is not considered in the current radionuclide transport simulation. In this study, a particle decay charging model was established based on Python, and a coupled scheme of particle decay charging and flow field was proposed and implemented in Fluent. The results of decay charge model of particles containing 106Ru, 131I, 132Te and 137Cs are analyzed respectively, and the results show that the particle charge will reach the equilibrium value in a short time. The flow of particles containing 132Te in a long square tube is simulated in Fluent. The results show that the electric field force mainly exists near the tube wall, pointing to the direction of particle concentration decline, which indicates that decay charge will promote the diffusion of aerosol and fill the whole space more quickly. This study provides a reference for the coupling scheme and simulation results of decay, electric field, and flow field in subsequent simulations of radioactive nuclide transport.
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Key words:
- Decay /
- Euler-Lagrange method /
- Radionuclide /
- Aerosols /
- Electrostatic force
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图 1 不同衰变次数下气溶胶颗粒电荷随时间的关系
1e=1.6021766208×10−19 C
Figure 1. Relationship Between Aerosol Particle Charge and Time under Difference Decay Times
图 2 颗粒含有132Te衰变链时颗粒电荷随时间变化
Figure 2. Variation of Particle Charge with Time when the Particle Contains 132Te Decay Chain
图 3 不同浓度下分别含有106Ru、131I、132Te、137Cs核素及衰变子产物时颗粒电荷随时间的变化
工况1—颗粒浓度106 m−3；工况2—颗粒浓度107 m−3；工况3—颗粒浓度108 m−3；工况4—颗粒浓度109 m−3；工况5—颗粒浓度1011 m−3
Figure 3. Variation of Particle Charge with Time for Particles Containing 106Ru, 131I, 132Te, 137Cs Nuclides and their Decay Progeny under Different Concentrations
图 4 颗粒电荷达到平衡时与对应的时间、颗粒浓度的关系
Figure 4. Relationship Between the Maximum Particle Charge and Corresponding Time and Concentration of Particles
图 5 颗粒电荷达到平衡时颗粒电荷与颗粒浓度关系
Figure 5. Relationship between Particle Charge and Particle Concentration when Particle Charge Reaches Equilibrium
表 1 主要核素的衰变链信息
Table 1. Decay Chain Information for the Main Radionuclides
核素 衰变链 衰变常数/s−1 电离率系数 第1代 第2代 第1代 第2代 $ _{\;\;44}^{106}{\text{Ru}}$ ${}_{\;\;44}^{106}{\text{Ru}} \to {}_{\;\;45}^{106}{\text{Rh}} \to {}_{\;\;46}^{106}{\text{Pd}}$ 2.82×10−8 2.33×10−2 110 16286 ${}_{\;\;53}^{131}{\text{I}}$ ${}_{\;\;53}^{131}{\text{I}} \to {}_{\;\;54}^{131}{\text{Xe}}$ 1.00×10−6 1945 ${}_{\;\;52}^{132}{\text{Te}}$ ${}_{\;\;52}^{132}{\text{Te}} \to {}_{\;\;53}^{132}{\text{I}} \to {}_{\;\;54}^{132}{\text{Xe}}$ 2.50×10−6 8.39×10−5 748 5863 ${}_{\;\;55}^{137}{\text{Cs}}$ $ {}_{\; \; 55}^{137}\text{Cs}\to_{\;\;56}^{137 } {{\mathrm{Ba}}}^{\mathrm{m}}\to_{\; \; 56}^{137}{ {\mathrm{Ba}}} $ 7.31×10−10 4.5×10−3 2067 
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表 2 颗粒衰变荷电模型参数设置
Table 2. Parameters Setting for Decay Charging Model
参数 参数值 颗粒直径/μm 1 正离子电迁移速率/(10−4 m2·V−1·s−1) 1.2 负离子电迁移速率/(10−4 m2·V−1·s−1) 1.2 正负离子再结合速率因子/(10−12 m3·s−1) 1.6 背景离子产生速率/(m−3·s−1) 107 气溶胶颗粒浓度/m−3 1011 气溶胶微粒有效密度/(kg·m−3) 2000 每个颗粒最初含有核素个数 5×108
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