Experimental Investigation on Minimum Film Boiling Temperature during Quenching of FeCrAl
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摘要: 铁铬铝（FeCrAl）作为事故容错燃料（ATF）包壳的主要候选材料，能够抑制反应堆在严重事故下产氢释能的风险，提高反应堆的事故耐受能力。本文基于可视化方法研究了FeCrAl和Zr-4在骤冷过程中的沸腾传热行为。通过一维导热反问题求解计算FeCrAl的表面热流密度和温度，分析了表面氧化、固体热物性对铁铬铝骤冷行为的影响。研究结果表明随着过冷度的增大，骤冷时间减小，最小膜态沸腾温度增大；随着固体热物性(ρcp)w的增大，骤冷时间增大，最小膜态沸腾温度减小。由于铁铬铝优异的高温抗氧化性，其骤冷过程的沸腾传热行为受表面氧化的影响可忽略不计。
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关键词:
- 事故容错燃料（ATF） /
- 固体热物性 /
- 骤冷行为 /
- 最小膜态沸腾温度
Abstract: FeCrAl is proposed as one of the candidate materials of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding, which can suppress hydrogen generation under severe accident condition, and improve reactor accident tolerance. In this paper, the boiling heat transfer behavior of FeCrAl and Zr-4 during quenching is studied based on visualization method. The surface heat flux and temperature of FeCrAl are calculated by solving one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem, and the effects of surface oxidation and solid thermophysical properties on the quenching behavior of FeCrAl are analyzed. The results show that as the liquid subcooling degree increases, the quenching duration of FeCrAl is decreased, and the minimum film boiling temperature increases. With the increase of solid thermophysical property (ρcp)w, the quenching duration increases and the minimum film boiling temperature decreases. Because of the excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance of FeCrAl, the effect of surface oxidation on its boiling heat transfer behavior during quenching can be ignored. -
图 4 FeCrAl在不同过冷度水骤冷的可视化行为
t0<t1<t2<t3
Figure 4. Visualization Results of Quenching Behavior of FeCrAl with Different Undercooling
图 5 FeCrAl在10℃过冷度水中骤冷不同轴向高度的骤冷曲线和沸腾曲线
Tsat—饱和温度；Tw—壁面温度
Figure 5. Quenching and Boiling Curves of FeCrAl at Different Axial Heights under 10℃ of Liquid Subcooling
图 6 FeCrAl在10℃过冷度水中连续5次实验的骤冷曲线与沸腾曲线
Figure 6. Quenching and Boiling Curves of FeCrAl in Five Successive Experiments under 10℃ of Liquid Subcooling
图 7 Zr-4在10℃过冷度水中连续5次实验的骤冷曲线与沸腾曲线
Figure 7. Quenching and Boiling Curves of Zr-4 in Five Successive Experiments under 10℃ of Liquid Subcooling
图 8 FeCrAl和Zr-4实验结束后截面的SEM照片
Figure 8. SEM Images of Cross Section of FeCrA and Zr-4 after Experiment
图 9 FeCrAl与Zr-4在不同过冷度水中的骤冷曲线与沸腾曲线
Figure 9. Comparison of the Quench and Boiling Curves between FeCrAl and Zircaloy-4
图 10 FeCrAl与Zr-4在不同过冷度水中的骤冷速度
Figure 10. Comparison of the Quenching Speed between FeCrAl and Zr-4
图 11 最小膜态沸腾温度计算值与实验值的对比
Figure 11. Comparison of the Minimum Film Boiling Temperature between the Predicted Values and Experimental Results
表 1 FeCrAl和Zr-4的表面特性和热物性
Table 1. Surface Characteristics and Thermophysical Properties of FeCrAl and Zr-4
包壳材料 密度ρ/
(kg·m−3)热导率λ/
(W·m−1·K−1)比热容cp/
(J·kg−1·K−1)粗糙度/μm 接触角 FeCrAl 7100 13 460 0.2 93.4˚ Zr-4 6550 13.4 286 0.2 103.8˚ 
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表 2 最小膜态沸腾温度与过冷度的线性关系式
Table 2. Linear Relationship between Minimum Film Boiling Temperature and Subcooling Degree
关系式 形式 偏差 $ {E}_{1} $ $ {E}_{2} $ Dhir $ {T}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}=8{\Delta T}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}+201 $ 0.193 0.202 Mori $ {T}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}=6.4{\Delta T}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}+253.2 $ 0.114 0.126 Ebrahim $ {T}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}=10.5{\Delta T}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}+307 $ 0.176 0.196 式（9） $ {T}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}=8.6\Delta {T}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}+274.4 $ 0.019 0.022 式（10） $ {T}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}=10.4\Delta {T}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}+265.3 $ 0.012 0.014
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