Application of Ultrasonic Technique in In-service Inspection of Bolts in Nuclear Power Plants
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摘要: 核电厂装备中存在大量螺栓紧固件结构，螺栓长期在复杂的服役条件下可能产生缺陷，对螺栓进行有效可靠的超声检查可以保证核电厂的安全运行。本文针对无中心孔和中心孔的2种螺栓结构，选取堆内构件围板螺栓和反应堆压力容器（RPV）主螺栓作为研究对象，对端面超声检测技术和中心孔超声检测技术进行研究，并对缺陷的判断和定量技术进行分析。在参考试块上的试验结果表明，端面超声检测技术和中心孔超声检测技术可实现对缺陷的有效检测，满足在役检查要求。
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关键词:
- 端面超声检测 /
- 中心孔超声检测 /
- 围板螺栓 /
- 反应堆压力容器（RPV）主螺栓
Abstract: Nuclear power plant equipment contains a large number of bolted fastening structures. Bolts may develop defects under long-term complex service conditions, and effective and reliable ultrasonic inspection of bolts is essential to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants. In this paper, based on two types of bolts with and without center hole, the baffle bolt and RPV stud are selected as the research object. The end-face ultrasonic inspection technology and center-hole ultrasonic inspection technology are studied, and the judgment and quantitative technology of defects are analyzed. The results on the test blocks show that the end-surface ultrasonic inspection technology and the center-hole ultrasonic inspection technology can realize the effective detection of defects and meet the requirements of in-service inspection. -
图 1 围板螺栓结构和超声声场示意图
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Baffle Bolt Structure and Ultrasonic Sound Field
图 2 超声信号示意图（缺陷信噪比大于12 dB）
Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of Ultrasonic Signals (Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Defect >12 dB)
图 3 超声信号示意图（波型转换信噪比大于12 dB）
Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of Ultrasonic Signals (Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Mode Conversion >12 dB)
图 9 缺陷长度测量值与设计值的比较
Figure 9. Comparison of Measured and Design Values of Defect Length
表 1 参考试块反射体尺寸
Table 1. Reflector Size of Reference Test Block
刻槽位置 刻槽编号 长度/mm 深度/mm 宽度/mm 光杆区 N1 17.3 0.5 0.2 N2 24.5 1.0 0.2 N3 34.7 2.0 0.2 N4 42.6 3.0 0.2 N5 49.2 4.0 0.2 螺纹区 N6 17.3 0.5 0.2 N7 24.5 1.0 0.2 N8 34.7 2.0 0.2 N9 42.6 3.0 0.2 N10 49.2 4.0 0.2 
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