Structure Analysis and Evaluation of the Ultrasonic Tomography System for Lead-Bismuth Two-Phase Flow
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摘要: 铅铋快堆蒸汽发生器传热管破裂（SGTR）事故后，堆芯会出现液态铅铋气-液两相流动现象。超声波层析成像两相流探测方法具有抗干扰性强等优点，而高温会使常规超声波传感器失效，因此，提出了一种基于波导杆的双模态超声波层析成像系统。波导杆结构可避免传感器与高温流体直接接触，使用反射与透射方法对两相分布进行重构，并结合数值模拟方法，最终确定4 MHz声波频率、58 mm长的波导杆和24超声波阵列传感器的超声波层析成像系统。研究不同气相分布的成像效果表明，较气-水两相流而言，超声波层析成像系统在液态铅铋两相流中更具优势。该系统能有效重构液态铅铋气-液两相分布，均方误差均在6%以内，最小图像相关系数大于85%。Abstract: Following steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident in a Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactor, the gas-liquid two-phase flow phenomenon emerges within the reactor core. The ultrasonic tomography method for two-phase flow detection exhibits robust anti-interference capabilities. However, conventional ultrasonic sensors become ineffective at high temperatures. Therefore, a dual-modal ultrasonic tomography system based on waveguide rods is proposed. The waveguide rod structure prevents direct contact between the sensor and the high-temperature fluid, employing reflection and transmission methods to reconstruct the two-phase distribution. In combination with numerical simulation methods, an ultrasonic tomography system utilizing a 4 MHz ultrasonic frequency, a 58 mm waveguide rod, and an array of 24 ultrasonic sensors is ultimately determined. The imaging effects of different gas-phase distributions are investigated. The results indicate that, compared to gas-liquid two-phase flows in general, the ultrasonic tomography system exhibits greater advantages in liquid Lead-Bismuth two-phase flows. This system can effectively reconstruct the two-phase distribution with mean square errors within 6% and a minimum image correlation coefficient exceeding 85%.
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Key words:
- Ultrasound /
- Lead-Bismuth /
- Two-phase flow /
- Tomography /
- Waveguide rod
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图 1 不锈钢圆管波导杆传感器结构图
Figure 1. Stainless Steel Round Tube Waveguide Rod Sensor Structure
图 2 铅铋气-液两相流仿真模型
TX1~TX24—1~24号波导管。
Figure 2. Simulation Model of Lead-Bismuth Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow
图 3 最小可测量气泡当量直径随声波频率的变化
Figure 3. Minimum Measured Equivalent Bubble Diameter as a Function of Frequency
图 4 最小可测量气泡当量直径随传感器数量的变化
Figure 4. Minimum Measured Equivalent Bubble Diameter as a Function of Detector Number
图 6 不同介质信号衰减随气泡当量直径的变化
Figure 6. Signal Attenuation in Different Media as a Function of Equivalent Bubble Diameter
图 7 不同当量直径的中心气泡重构图像
Figure 7. Reconstruction Images of Central Bubbles with Different Equivalent Diameters
图 8 偏移气泡与多气泡重构图像
Figure 8. Reconstruction Images of Migrated Bubbles and Multi-bubbles
表 1 不同材料透射与反射比
Table 1. Transmission and Reflection Ratio of Different Materials
两相介质 Z1/(Pa·s·m−1) Z2/(Pa·s·m−1) D/% R/% 油-氮气 0.96 0.266 78.05 21.95 水-氮气 1.50 0.266 99.96 0.04 铅铋-氮气 17.65 0.266 99.99 0.01 
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表 2 仿真参数设置
Table 2. Simulation Parameter Setting
材料 c/（m·s−1） ρ/（kg·m−3） Z/（Pa·s·m−1） 氮气 380 0.0007 0.266 水 1500 1 1.50 316不锈钢 5900 7.89 46.55 铅铋合金 1765 10 17.65
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表 3 重构图像的均方误差和相关系数
Table 3. Mean Square Error and Correlation Coefficient of Reconstruction Images
气泡形状 MSE/% CC/% a=4 mm中心气泡 0.1051 95.57 a=6 mm中心气泡 0.0651 99.86 a=8 mm中心气泡 0.0192 99.94 a=10 mm中心气泡 0.0382 98.63 偏移10 mm气泡 0.3824 99.41 偏移20 mm气泡 0.5321 99.10 2个a=6 mm气泡 2.183 95.39 3个a=6 mm气泡 5.82 88.88
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