Development and Application of Full Range Closed-Loop Testing System for DCS Transformation of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant
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摘要: 在役核电厂数字化仪控系统(DCS)大型改造项目通常具有兼容性要求复杂、改造施工约束多、改造周期短、质量要求高等特点,大亚湾核电站是国内首个进行仪控系统数字化改造的在役核电厂,在国内无先例可供借鉴参考,面临巨大挑战。因此,提出了一种基于半实物仿真技术的DCS全范围闭环测试方法,将核电厂工艺系统仿真模型引入DCS测试环境,在测试环境中实现DCS对工艺系统的闭环控制,进而实现核电厂现场调试、运行及维护测试在DCS供应商工厂内的提前验证。目前已应用至大亚湾核电站30 a 仪控系统改造项目,大亚湾核电站2号机组DCS经过全范围闭环验证,已实现在大修周期内完成改造,仪控改造周期共98 d,并一次投运成功。实践结果表明该技术可应用于DCS改造测试,实现降低现场实施风险、减少现场调试程序数量、节约现场实施工期的目标。
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关键词:
- 半实物仿真 /
- 数字化仪控系统(DCS) /
- 数字化改造 /
- 闭环测试
Abstract: Large-scale transformation projects of distributed control system (DCS) of in-service nuclear power plants are usually characterized by complex compatibility requirements, multiple transformation construction constraints, short construction period, and high quality requirements. Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant is the first in-service nuclear power plant in China to carry out digital transformation of DCS, and it faces great challenges as there is no precedent in the country to draw reference from. Therefore, a full-range closed-loop testing method of DCS based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology is proposed. The simulation model of nuclear power plant process system is introduced into the testing environment of DCS system, and the closed-loop control of DCS on the process system is realized in the testing environment, so that the on-site commissioning, operation and maintenance test of nuclear power plant can be verified in advance in DCS supplier's factory. At present, it has been applied to the 30-year instrument and control system transformation project of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. After full-range closed-loop verification, the DCS of Unit 2 of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant has been transformed within the overhaul period, with a total instrument and control transformation period of 98 days and successfully put into operation at the first test run. Practical results show that this technology can be applied to DCS transformation testing, realizing the goals of reducing the risk of on-site implementation, reducing the number of on-site debugging programes, and saving the duration of on-site implementation. -
表 1 大亚湾核电站DCS改造外部接口测试的性能要求
Table 1. External Interface of DCS Transformation of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant
接口类型 接口设备/系统 性能要求 硬接线接口 主控室P/T盘设备:
RC/CC/TL/TO/EN/ID/AA/LAIO点数≥4000点
响应时间≤200 msL0层设备: 传感器/执行机构 安全级系统(2个):
SIP I-IV/ RELAY专用仪控系统(7个):
KPR/KSA/RPN/RGL/GRE/GSE/GME网络接口 专用仪控系统( 2个):
CCMS/油色谱通讯容量≥12000点
响应时间≤100 ms专用仪控系统(7个):
GRE/GSE/GME/RGL/LHC/RIC/KNS表 2 全范围闭环测试系统验证过程
Table 2. Verfication Process of Full Range Closed-Loop Testing System
测试阶段 测试目的 测试内容 校准与调试 确保系统的精度与准确性 硬件校准 软件调试 系统测试 确保对测试需求的满足性 功能和性能测试 对比测试 证明系统实现的正确性 典型应用对比测试 表 3 DCS全范围闭环测试所发现关键缺陷举例
Table 3. Examples of Key Defects Discovered in DCS Full Range Closed-Loop Testing
序号 关键缺陷举例 影响分析 1 汽水压差控制中将比例+积分的PID输出值(0~100)等比例放大作用到给水泵转速控制,导致蒸汽发生器汽水压差调节失效 蒸汽发生器水位控制异常,进而引发跳机跳堆 2 由于平台产品设计缺陷,导致在维修活动的插拔板卡过程中误触发反应堆堆芯过冷信号 造成反应堆瞬态工况,导致汽轮机甩负荷,影响机组发电能力 3 稳压器水位控制中未对主调节器进行限制,导致调节过程中积分产生的影响需要较长时间消除,上充阀长时间不动作,稳压器水位调节性能差 在机组发生瞬态时,稳压器水位无法及时恢复到正常状态,严重情况下可能超出设计技术规范要求,甚至引发停堆事件 4 稳压器压力控制中RCP401AM组态错误,导致稳压器单相压力控制失效,影响机组单项工况下的一回路压力控制功能 可能导致超出运行技术规格书的事件(LOE)发生,严重情况下可能导致主泵、压力管道等主设备损坏 5 容控箱液位控制中选用增量型PID,未实现阀门开度与液位的一一对应关系,影响容控箱液位控制系统(RCV)功能 导致容控箱液位偏离设计要求,增加了核电厂放射性废液的产生量,不利于放射性流出物的最优化管理 -
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