Experimental Study on the Impact of Heat Pipe Failure on High-Temperature Heat Pipe Bundles and Matrix
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摘要: 为了验证小型热管反应堆的可行性，本研究设计了一种高温热管管束的实验装置。该实验装置通过拔出热管模拟热管失效，由电加热棒模拟堆芯燃料棒，用以探究热管失效对热管管束、燃料棒及堆芯基体的影响。实验发现：热管失效带来的最直接影响是堆芯基体局部温度突升，在功率4.2 kW下，单管失效时附近基体温度平均上升约70℃，双管失效时附近基体温度平均上升约120℃；单管失效对其余正常热管影响较小，正常热管蒸发段平均温升15℃，双管失效时，与失效热管相邻的燃料元件平均温升约66℃。本文获得的热管失效下的高温热管管束实验数据可为热管堆的建模仿真提供数据支持。Abstract: In order to verify the feasibility of small heat pipe reactor, an experimental device of high temperature heat pipe bundle is designed in this study. The experimental device simulates the failure of heat pipe by pulling out the heat pipe, and simulates the core fuel rod by electric heating rod to explore the influence of heat pipe failure on heat pipe bundle, fuel rod and core matrix. It is found that the most direct impact of heat pipe failure is a sudden local temperature rise in the nearby matrix. Under the power of 4.2 kW, the average increase of matrix temperature in the vicinity of single heat pipe failure is about 70℃, and the average increase of matrix temperature in the vicinity of double heat pipe failure is about 120℃. The failure of a single heat pipe has a minor impact on the remaining normal heat pipes, with an average temperature rise of 15℃ in the evaporation section of the normal heat pipes. The average temperature increase of fuel element in the vicinity of double heat pipe failure is about 66℃. The experimental data of high temperature heat pipe bundle under heat pipe failure obtained in this study can provide data support for the modeling and simulation of heat pipe reactor.
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Key words:
- Heat pipe reactor /
- Heat pipe bundle /
- Heat pipe failure /
- Transient analysis
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图 1 高温热管管束失效实验平台
Figure 1. Experimental Platform for High-temperature Heat Pipe Bundle Failure
图 3 堆芯模拟基体结构示意图
黑点表示热电偶的分布位置；其余未标注圆形均为电加热棒
Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of the Matrix Structure for Core Simulation
图 6 沿热管轴向方向的高温热管热电偶测点位置
HPX-n为热电偶具体测点位置，其中X—热管编号；n—热电偶编号，n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Figure 6. Thermocouple Measurement Points on the Heat Pipe along the Axial Direction
图 7 热管管束实验装置横截面上热电偶位置及标签图
HP—热管；JR1、JR2—布置有热电偶的加热棒，其余黄色圆圈代表未布置热电偶的加热棒；JC—基体侧面；JH1—HP1、JR1、JR2三者圆心连线所构三角形的外心（外接圆的圆心）；JH2—HP1、HP2、HP7三者圆心连线所构三角形的外心；①、②、③、④处均为热电偶所在位置
Figure 7. Thermocouple Locations and Labels on Cross Section of Heat Pipe Bundle Experimental Device
图 8 重复性实验对比图
编号规则为XXA-B-C，其中XX为对象，A为对象编号，B为周向测点编号（*代表该处无周向区分），C为轴向编号；YYD-E，其中YY为对象，D为对象编号，E为轴向编号；ZZF，其中ZZ为对象，F为对象编号
Figure 8. Comparison of Repeatability Experiments
图 9 1号热管附近基体平均温度及平均温升
Figure 9. Average Matrix Temperature and Temperature Rise in the Vicinity of HP1
图 10 2号热管附近基体平均温度及平均温升
Figure 10. Average Matrix Temperature and Temperature Rise in the Vicinity of HP2
图 11 功率4.2 kW下1号热管各测点温度时间曲线
Figure 11. Temperature Curves of each Measurement Point of HP1 at 4.2 kW
图 12 功率4.2 kW下2号热管各测点温度时间曲线
Figure 12. Temperature Curves of Each Measurement Point of HP2 at 4.2 kW
图 13 正常热管附近基体平均温度及平均温升
Figure 13. Average Matrix Temperature and Temperature Rise in the Vicinity of Normal Heat Pipes
图 14 功率4.2 kW下各正常热管温度时间曲线
Figure 14. Temperature Curves of Each Measurement Point of Normal Heat Pipes at 4.2 kW
图 15 1号加热棒附近基体平均温度及平均温升
Figure 15. Average Matrix Temperature and Temperature Rise in the Vicinity of JR1
图 16 2号加热棒附近基体平均温度及平均温升
Figure 16. Average Matrix Temperature and Temperature Rise in the Vicinity of JR2
图 17 功率4.2 kW下加热棒温度时间曲线及阶梯功率方案
Figure 17. Temperature-Time Curves of Heating Rod at 4.2 kW and Step Power Scheme
图 19 功率4.2 kW下冷却水进出口温度时间曲线
Figure 19. Temperature-Time Curves of Cooling Water Inlet and Outlet at 4.2 kW
表 1 堆芯模拟基体具体参数
Table 1. Parameters of the the Matrix for Core Simulation
参数名 参数值 加热棒数量 30 加热棒直径/mm 17.5 热管数量 7 热管直径/mm 20 棒间距/mm 23.75 失效热管数量 1~2 基体高度/mm 300 基体内切圆直径/mm 151 
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表 2 高温热管具体参数
Table 2. Parameters of High-temperature Heat Pipes
参数名 参数值 工质质量/g 28.5 蒸发段长度/mm 300 绝热段长度/mm 400 冷凝段长度/mm 300 丝网目数 400 丝网厚度/mm 2 热管外直径/mm 20 热管管壁壁厚/mm 2
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表 3 高温热管管束失效实验工况
Table 3. Experimental Conditions of High-temperature Heat Pipe Bundle for Heat Pipe Failure
工况 加热功率/kW 冷却条件 稳态实验 正常运行 3.5/4.2/6.0 水冷 单管失效 3.5/4.2/6.0 水冷 双管失效 3.5/4.2/6.0 水冷 启动实验 正常启动 3.5/4.2/6.0 水冷 单管失效启动 4.2 水冷 瞬态实验 正常运行-单管失效-
双管失效-急停3.5/4.2/6.0 水冷 正常运行-冷却
水失流-急停4.2 水冷-冷却水停流 重复性实验 瞬态单管失效 4.2 水冷 瞬态双管失效 4.2 水冷
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