Effect of Coupled Electromagnetic Treatment on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Alloy 690
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摘要: 针对690合金传热管换热效率难以达到设计值的难题，基于仿真与实验相结合的方法，采用电磁耦合处理工艺，通过施加不同参数的电场和磁场对690合金传热管开展导热性能和力学性能的研究。结果表明，当施加的电磁场参数为1.5 V-1.5 T时，690合金传热管的导热系数提升19.6%，抗拉强度和维氏硬度也分别提升6.8%和4.3%；仿真计算的热应力比修正后的Peierls应力大一个数量级，表明电磁耦合处理能够有效驱动690合金内部位错移动；经能谱分析，电磁耦合能场能够促进晶间碳化物（M23C6）的析出，从而实现690合金传热管导热系数的提升。本工作充分验证了电磁耦合处理工艺提升690合金传热管导热性能的可行性，可以有效提高690合金传热管的换热效率。Abstract: To solve the problem that the heat exchange efficiency of alloy 690 heat transfer tube is difficult to reach the design value, this paper adopts the method of combining simulation and experiment, employs the coupled electromagnetic treatment to study the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of alloy 690 heat transfer tube by applying electric and magnetic fields with different parameters. The results show that when the applied electromagnetic field parameters are 1.5 V-1.5 T, the thermal conductivity of alloy 690 heat transfer tube is increased by 19.6%, and the tensile strength and Vickers hardness are also increased by 6.8% and 4.3%, respectively. The thermal stress calculated by simulation is an order of magnitude larger than the modified Peierls stress, which shows that the coupled electromagnetic treatment can effectively drive the internal dislocation movement of alloy 690. EDS results showed that the coupled electromagnetic energy field could promote the precipitation of intergranular carbides (M23C6), thereby improving the thermal conductivity of alloy 690 heat transfer tubes. In this paper, the feasibility of the coupled electromagnetic treatment to improve the thermal conductivity of alloy 690 heat transfer tube is fully verified, and the heat exchange efficiency of alloy 690 heat transfer tube can be effectively improved.
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图 1 电磁耦合处理仿真几何建模
Figure 1. Coupled Electromagnetic Treatment Simulation Geometry Modeling
图 2 电磁耦合处理边界条件设置
Figure 2. Coupled Electromagnetic Treatment Boundary Condition Settings
图 4 电磁耦合处理过程中690合金传热管的热应变
Figure 4. Thermal Strain of Alloy 690 Heat Transfer Tube during Coupled Electromagnetic Treatment
图 5 690合金传热管在0.24~0.26 s的应力状态转换
Figure 5. Stress State Transition of Alloy 690 Heat Transfer Tube during 0.24~0.26 s
图 6 690合金传热管在t=1.0 s时内壁、外壁和中层处的应力对比
Figure 6. Comparison of Stress at the Inner Wall, Outer Wall and Middle Layer of Alloy 690 Heat Transfer Tube at t=1.0 s
图 7 不同工艺参数对690合金导热系数的影响
Figure 7. Effect of Different Parameters on the Thermal Conductivity of Alloy 690
图 8 不同工艺参数对690合金抗拉强度的影响
Figure 8. Effect of Different Parameters on the Tensile Strength of Alloy 690
图 9 不同工艺参数对690合金硬度的影响
Figure 9. Effect of Different Parameters on the Hardness of Alloy 690
图 10 690合金电磁耦合处理前后微观组织及成分变化
Figure 10. Changes in the Microstructure and Composition of Alloy 690 before and after Coupled Electromagnetic Treatment
图 11 690合金电磁耦合处理前后的KAM变化
Figure 11. Changes in KAM of Alloy 690 before and after Coupled Electromagnetic Treatment
表 1 690合金的物理参数
Table 1. Physical Parameters of Alloy 690
物理参数 参数值 密度/(g·cm−3) 8.19 比热容/(J$ · $kg−1$ · $K−1) 471 拉伸强度/MPa ≥586 屈服强度/MPa 276~345 弹性模量/GPa 211 泊松比 0.289 电阻率/(10−8·Ω·m)（100℃） 116 导热系数/(W·m−1·K−1)（100℃） 13.5 磁导率/(H·m−1)（200 Oe） 1.001 融化温度范围/℃ 1343~1377 
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表 2 690合金化学成分
Table 2. Chemical Composition of Alloy 690
元素 Cr Fe Cu C Co Ti Al Mn Si P S Ni 质量
分数/%29.78 9.80 0.11 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.01 其余
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表 3 电磁耦合处理690合金工艺参数
Table 3. Coupled Electromagnetic Treatment Parameters for Alloy 690
实验编号 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 电场强度/V 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 磁场强度/T 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
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