Exergy Analysis of Solar-Nuclear-Storage Hybrid System under Different Operation Strategies
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摘要: 为解决传统压水堆核电机组难以在未来参与电网调峰的问题，提出了一种耦合太阳能和核能的光-核-储综合能源系统，利用热力系统仿真软件EBSILON搭建了系统模型，研究了设计工况下系统的热力学性能并进行了系统在不同运行策略下的㶲分析。不同运行策略下的㶲分析研究表明，系统中㶲损最大的3个设备依次为蒸汽发生器、集热场和汽轮机高压缸第一级，三者㶲损之和接近总㶲损的50%。与此同时，集热场的㶲效率主要受设计法向太阳直接辐射量变化影响，在不同运行策略下的最大变化量为2%，电加热器的㶲效率基本不变。Abstract: To solve the problem that traditional PWR nuclear power units cannot meet the need to participate in grid peak regulation in the future, an Solar-Nuclear-Storage Hybrid System that couples solar energy and nuclear energy was put forward. A system model was built with thermal system simulation software EBSILON, where exergy analysis of the system under different operation strategies was carried out to study the thermodynamic performance of the system under design conditions. The exergy analysis and research under different operation strategies show that the three equipment with the highest exergy losses in the system are steam generator, solar field and steam turbine high pressure cylinder first stage, and the exergy loss of the three equipment in total is close to 50% of the total exergy loss. At the same time, the exergic efficiency of solar field is mainly affected by the change of direct normal irradiance. The exergic efficiency of electric heater is basically unchanged with the maximum change of 2% under different operation strategies.
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图 2 光照良好系统承担基荷时运行策略示意图
Figure 2. Operation Strategy Diagram of Well-Lit System under Base Load
图 3 光照不足系统承担基荷时运行策略示意图
Figure 3. Operation Strategy Diagram of Low-Irradiance System under Base Load
图 4 光照良好系统参与调峰时运行策略示意图
Figure 4. Operation Strategy Diagram of Well-lit System Participating in Peak Load Regulation
图 5 光照不足系统参与调峰时运行策略示意图
Figure 5. Operation Strategy Diagram of Low-Irradiance System Participating in Peak Load Regulation
图 6 应对极端工况时系统运行策略示意图
Figure 6. Schematic Diagram of System Operation Strategy under Extreme Conditions
图 7 Ebsilon软件建模及求解思路
P、T、H、G—边界条件中的压力、温度、焓值、吉布斯自由能。
Figure 7. Ebsilon Modeling and Solving Approach
图 8 光-核-储综合能源系统EBSILON模型图
M、Q—边界条件中的质量流量、发电负荷；SG—蒸汽发生器；低加—低压加热器；高加—高压加热器。
Figure 8. EBSILON Model of Solar-Nuclear-Storage System
图 9 设计工况下一日内储热罐液位变化曲线
Figure 9. Variation Curve of Liquid Level of Heat Storage Tank within One Day under Design Conditions
图 10 D不变，系统承担基荷时各个设备的㶲损和㶲效率对比图
Tx—汽轮机高压缸第x级，下同。
Figure 10. Comparison of Exergy Loss and Efficiency of Each Equipment under Base Load of the System with Constant D
图 11 D不变，系统承担基荷各个设备的㶲损率对比图
Figure 11. Comparison of Exergy Loss Rate of Each Equipment under Base Load of the System with Constant D
图 12 系统承担基荷，改变D时外部电能需求量变化曲线图
Figure 12. Variation Curve of External Power Demand under Base Load of the System with Variable D
图 13 D增加，系统承担基荷时关键设备的㶲损变化图
Figure 13. Variation in Exergy Loss of Critical Equipment under Base Load of the System with Increasing D
图 14 D增加，系统承担基荷时关键设备㶲效率变化曲线
Figure 14. Exergic Efficiency Curve of Critical Equipment under Base Load of the System with Increasing D
图 15 D不变，调峰深度增加时关键设备的㶲损变化图
Figure 15. Variation in Exergy Loss of Critical Equipment under Increasing Peak Load Depth with Constant D
图 16 D不变，调峰深度增加时关键设备㶲效率变化曲线
Figure 16. Exergic Efficiency Curve of Critical Equipment under Increasing Peak Load Depth with Constant D
图 17 D变化，调峰深度增加时外部电能需求量变化
Figure 17. Variation of External Power Demand under Increasing Peak Load Depth with Variable D
图 18 D变化，调峰深度增加时关键设备的㶲损变化
Figure 18. Variation in Exergy Loss of Critical Equipment under Increasing Peak Load Depth with Variable D
图 19 D变化，调峰深度增加时关键设备㶲效率曲线
Figure 19. Exergic Efficiency Curve of Critical Equipment under Increasing Peak Load Depth with Variable D
表 1 ET-150型集热场参数
Table 1. Parameters of ET-150 Collector
参数 数值 长度/m 148.50 总光圈宽度/m 5.77 平均焦距/m 1.71 净面积因子 1 理论峰值光学效率 0.75 镜面清洁系数 0.985 终端损失系数 0.99 
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表 2 模型验证结果
Table 2. Results of Model Verification
关键参数 系统设计参数 EBSILON 相对误差/% 主蒸汽温度/℃ 280.1 280.0 −0.04 主蒸汽压力/MPa 6.43 6.428 −0.03 主蒸汽流量/(kg·s−1) 1613.4 1613.1 −0.01 一级抽汽/(kg·s−1) 128.8 128.9 0.08 二级抽汽/(kg·s−1) 87.0 88.0 1.22 给水温度/℃ 226.1 226.1 −0.00 再热蒸汽温度/℃ 268.1 268.2 0.04 电功率/MW 1086.0 1085.5 −0.05 堆芯热功率/MW 2903.0 2902.8 −0.01
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表 3 光-核-储综合能源系统中光热子系统的性能参数
Table 3. Performance Parameters of the Photothermal Subsystem in the Solar-Nuclear-Storage System
参数 数值 过热器功率/MW 49.8 过热器热效率/% 96% 储热系统热效率/% 99% 设计D/(W·m2) 800 设计D的有效时长/h 8 集热场的净热功率/MW 157.7 热罐温度/℃ 383.0 冷罐温度/℃ 285.0 集热场总采光口面积/m2 311318 等效满负荷时长/h 16 额定储热容量/(MW·h) 1381.6 熔盐质量/t 35073.6
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表 4 设计工况下光-核-储综合能源系统与CPR1000比较
Table 4. Comparison between Solar-Nuclear-Storage System and CPR1000 Unit under Design Conditions
参数 CPR1000
机组光-核-储综合
能源系统绝对变化量 主蒸汽温度/℃ 280.00 285.00 5.00 主蒸汽压力/MPa 6.43 6.43 0.00 主蒸汽流量/(kg·s−1) 1613.30 1612.95 −0.35 给水温度/℃ 226.06 226.06 0.00 给水压力/MPa 8.33 8.34 0.01 给水流量/(kg·s−1) 1613.30 1612.95 −0.35 再热蒸汽温度/℃ 268.15 268.14 0.01 再热蒸汽流量/(kg·s−1) 1057.52 1074.23 16.71 堆芯热功率/MW 2902.70 2902.31 −0.4 光热发电功率/MW 24.61 高压缸做功量/MW 384.39 393.64 9.24 低压缸做功量/MW 716.03 727.30 11.27 总电功率/MW 1084.54 1104.80 20.26 太阳能发电占比/% 0 2.23 光电转化效率/% 29.65 总发电效率/% 37.36 37.01 −0.35
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