Overview of Research on Corrosion Properties of Additively Manufactured Products in the Nuclear Field
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摘要: 核领域增材制造制品的抗腐蚀性能关乎反应堆系统的使用寿命和运行安全。本文通过归纳核领域增材制造制品腐蚀性能研究的基本概念，总结核领域增材制造制品的堆外腐蚀性能的研发现状，并基于核领域增材制造制品类型及激光粉末床融、定向能量沉积和激光近净成形等多种增材制造工艺的综合分析，探讨了核领域增材制造制品的腐蚀性能的特征，得出了由于增材制造制品制造工艺、材料再加工、腐蚀条件等不同，其抗腐蚀性能的表现也不同的结论，如掺杂少量铪、热等静压和固溶退火等材料后处理加工方式能提高核领域增材制造制品抗腐蚀性能。经综合论证分析，为了解、深化和拓展核领域增材制造制品腐蚀性能基础研究、技术手段和成果应用提供思路和方法借鉴。Abstract: The corrosion resistance of additively manufactured products in the nuclear field is related to the service life and operation safety of the reactor system, so the corrosion resistance is very important. In this paper, the basic concepts of research on corrosion properties of additively manufactured products in nuclear field are summarized, and the research and development status of ex-core corrosion properties of additively manufactured products is summarized. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the types of additive manufacturing products in the nuclear field and various additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion, directional energy deposition and laser engineered net shaping, the characteristics of the corrosion properties of additive manufacturing products are discussed. It is concluded that the corrosion resistance of additively manufactured products is different due to different manufacturing processes, material reprocessing and corrosion conditions, such as doping a small amount of hafnium, hot isostatic pressing and solution annealing, which can improve the corrosion resistance of additively manufactured products in the nuclear field. Through comprehensive demonstration and analysis, it provides ideas and methods for understanding, deepening and expanding the basic research, technical means and application of corrosion properties of additively manufactured products in the nuclear field.
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表 1 核领域增材制造制品
Table 1. Additively Manufactured Products in the Nuclear Field
分类 细目 核材料 316L奥氏体不锈钢、304L不锈钢、马氏体不锈钢17-4PH、低钴奥氏体不锈钢低活化马氏体钢、508-III钢、91级钢、碳化硅、镍基合金、锆合金、钒合金、铁基合金、HT-9合金、石墨C/C和SiC复合材料、300Ｍ钢、ZL114A合金等。 核部件 燃料组件、燃料碎片过滤器、燃料格栅、堆芯部件、乏燃料存储架、核燃料防屑板、不锈钢多孔网状过滤组件、顶针堵漏装置、主泵实验用缩比叶轮、核电站消防水泵用叶轮、核安全一级阀门、燃料组件通道紧固装置等。 
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表 2 国内外机构已开展部分增材制造核材料腐蚀性能及其工艺的研究
Table 2. Domestic and Foreign Institutions Conducting Research on the Corrosion Properties and Processes of Additively Manufactured Nuclear Materials
材料 工艺 机构 316L不锈钢 激光粉末床熔融 美国密歇根大学、美国通用电气公司、美国阿贡实验室 激光选区熔化（激光粉末床熔融的一种） 澳大利亚肯迪大学、加拿大纽芬兰纪念大学、印度理工学院、比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学 定向能量沉积 美国密歇根大学、美国爱达荷国家实验室、波兰军事科技大学 激光近净成形（定向能量沉积的一种） 美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家
实验室直接金属激光熔融 美国通用电气公司 电弧增材制造技术 中广核工程公司 304不锈钢 定向能量沉积 美国桑迪亚国家实验室 马氏体
不锈钢17-4PH激光粉末床熔融 美国国家标准技术研究院 Inconel 625合金 高效金属丝激光增材制造 兰州理工大学 300Ｍ钢 同步送粉激光增材制造 南昌航空大学轻合金加工科学与技术国防重点学科实验室 ZL114A合金 丝材电弧增材制造 沈阳工业大学
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