Study on Shielding and Weight Reduction Characteristics of Shadow Shield with Internally Tangent Structure in Small Space Reactor
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摘要: 核动力航天器阴影式屏蔽体质量与任务需求功率呈正相关，针对大功率航天器辐射屏蔽所需质量过大同时质量限制较大的情况，进行了阴影式屏蔽体结构优化，提出了结构优化方案和屏蔽体综合性能分析方法。利用蒙特卡罗方法对采用内切结构的阴影式屏蔽体内部和后部区域开展中子输运计算，分析了不同内切方案对屏蔽体屏蔽效果和减重效果及两者结合的综合性能的影响。结果表明，在屏蔽效果权重因子0.4、减重效果权重因子0.6的方案下，采用不超过4 cm内切圆直径的尾部内切圆环方案相较于原方案在屏蔽综合性能上有所提升；采用氢化锂相比于碳化硼材料具有更优的屏蔽体综合性能，可以在不过大影响屏蔽体的屏蔽能力下实现减重，能够为后续开展大功率核动力航天器的屏蔽减重方法研究提供思路和分析方法。Abstract: The mass of shadow shield of nuclear powered spacecraft is positively correlated with the power required by the mission. Aiming at the situation that the mass required for radiation shielding of high-power spacecraft is too large but the mass limit is too much, the shadow shield structure optimization analysis is carried out, and the structure optimization scheme and the comprehensive performance analysis method of the shield are put forward. Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the neutron transport in the inner and rear area of the shadow shield with internally tangent structure, and the effects of different internally tangent schemes on shielding effect, weight reduction effect and comprehensive performance of the combination of the two are analyzed. The results show that under the scheme of shielding effect weight factor of 0.4 and weight reduction effect weight factor of 0.6, the scheme using the tail internally tangent circle ring with the diameter less than 4 cm has improved the comprehensive shielding performance compared with the original scheme. Compared with B4C material, LiH material has better overall shielding performance and can achieve shielding weight reduction without greatly affecting shielding capability. It provides ideas and analysis methods for further research on shielding weight reduction methods for high-power nuclear spacecraft.
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图 1 核动力航天器系统及研究区域示意图
x—沿航天器径向方向；z—沿航天器轴向方向
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Nuclear-powered Spacecraft System and Research Area
图 2 不同内切圆直径的屏蔽体区域中子注量分布云图
x—x方向距离，cm；z—z方向距离，cm；n—中子注量；下同
Figure 2. Nephogram of Neutron Fluence Distribution in the Shield Region with Different Internally Tangent Circle Diameters
图 3 不同屏蔽效果权重因子下各内切圆直径的屏蔽总效果因子
Figure 3. Total Shielding Effect Factors of Each Internally Tangent Circle Diameter under Different Shielding Effect Weight Factors
图 4 氢化锂材料不同内切圆直径的屏蔽体区域中子注量分布云图
Figure 4. Nephogram of Neutron Fluence Distribution in Shield Region of LiH Material with Different Internally Tangent Circle Diameters
图 5 两种材料不同内切圆直径下轴向距离堆芯130 cm剖面中子注量
Figure 5. Neutron Fluence in Profile 130 cm from Core under Different Internally Tangent Circle Diameters of Two Materials
图 6 碳化硼和氢化锂材料不同内切圆直径下的屏蔽总效果因子对比
Figure 6. Comparison of Total Shielding Effect Factors of Boron Carbide and Lithium Hydride under Different Internally Tangent Circle Diameters
表 2 两种材料不同内切圆直径下的屏蔽效果和减重效果对比
Table 2. Comparison of Shielding Effect and Weight Reduction Effect of the Two Materials under Different Internally Tangent Circle Diameters
内切圆直径/cm 屏蔽效果因子 减重效果因子 碳化硼 氢化锂 碳化硼 氢化锂 2 −0.0018 −0.0010 0.0070 0.0168 4 −0.0171 −0.0223 0.0268 0.0336 6 −0.1020 −0.1117 0.0572 0.0504 8 −0.3311 −0.3162 0.0963 0.0673 10 −0.8244 −0.7600 0.1421 0.0841 
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