Investigation on the Flow Characteristics and Sealing Performance of Dry Gas Seal at the Shaft End of Helium Compressor
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摘要: 氦气压气机是高温气冷堆布雷顿循环的核心设备，轴端位置处氦气泄漏行为是制约其效率提升的关键问题，使用无磨损、泄漏低、非接触的干气密封是解决该问题的有效措施。为探究氦气干气密封的流动封严特性，针对螺旋槽氦气干气密封，考虑实际气体效应的影响，采用数值方法讨论了螺旋角、槽深、气膜厚度等参数对气膜压力、开启力、泄漏量的影响，进一步以CO2和N2作为对比，在不同进气压力和转速工况下对比了不同工质的流动封严特性。结果表明，开启力和泄漏量与螺旋角、槽深、进气压力均呈正相关。随气膜厚度增大，开启力降低而泄漏量增大。随转速增大，开启力增大，氦气泄漏量降低，而N2和CO2泄漏量增大。同一工况条件下，3种工质干气密封的开启力和泄漏量的排序均为：He<N2<CO2。本文研究结果可为氦气压气机轴端干气密封的设计优化提供参考。Abstract: The helium compressor is the core equipment of the Brayton cycle in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, and the leakage suppression of helium working fluid at the shaft end is a key issue related to efficiency improvement. The utilization of dry gas seal with advantages such as no wear, low leakage, and non-contact is an effective approach. To investigate the flow characteristics and sealing performance of helium dry gas seal, this paper focuses on the typical spiral groove helium dry gas seal structure. Considering the influence of real gas effect, the numerical analysis is carried out to discuss the effects of structural parameters such as spiral angle, groove depth, and gas film thickness on the gas film pressure, open force and leakage. Furthermore, CO2 and N2 are selected to compare the flow characteristics and sealing performance with different working fluids under various inlet pressure and rotation speed conditions. The results indicate that the open force and leakage are positively correlated with the spiral angle, groove depth, and inlet pressure. As the gas film thickness increases, the open force decreases and the leakage increases. As the rotation speed increases, the open force increases and the leakage decreases for He while increases for N2 and CO2. Under the same operating conditions, the ranking of open force and leakage is He<N2<CO2. The findings of this study can provide vital reference for the design optimization of dry gas seals at the shaft end of helium compressors.
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Key words:
- Helium compressor /
- Dry gas seal /
- Flow characteristics /
- Open force /
- Leakage
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图 1 螺旋槽干气密封几何结构示意图
r—半径；ro—密封环外径；ri—密封环内径；rg—螺旋槽根径；hg—槽深；ho—气膜厚度；α—螺旋角；θ—螺旋线与水平方向夹角。
Figure 1. Geometric Structure of Spiral Groove Dry Gas Seal
图 2 干气密封气膜流体计算域网格和边界条件示意图
Figure 2. Grid Details and Boundary Conditions of Dry Gas Seal Fluid Computational Domain
图 5 不同气膜厚度下干气密封气膜压力分布云图
ω—角速度。
Figure 5. Pressure Distribution Contours of Dry Gas Seal Film under Different Film Thicknesses
图 6 不同气膜厚度下开启力和泄漏量的变化
Figure 6. Variation of Open Force and Leakage under Different Film Thicknesses
图 7 不同螺旋角下干气密封气膜压力分布云图
Figure 7. Pressure Distribution Contours of Dry Gas Seal Film under Different Spiral Angles
图 8 不同槽深下干气密封气膜压力分布云图
Figure 8. Pressure Distribution Contours of Dry Gas Seal Film under Different Groove Depths
图 9 不同槽深下开启力和泄漏量的变化
Figure 9. Variation of Open Force and Leakage under Different Groove Depths
图 10 不同进口压力下干气密封气膜压力分布云图
Pi—进口压力
Figure 10. Pressure Distribution Contours of Dry Gas Seal Film under Different Inlet Pressures
图 11 不同进口压力下开启力和泄漏量的变化
Figure 11. Variation of Open Force and Leakage under Different Inlet Pressures
图 12 不同工质下干气密封气膜压力分布云图
Figure 12. Pressure Distribution Contours of Dry Gas Seal Film under Different Working Fluids
图 13 不同转速下干气密封气膜压力分布云图
n—转速。
Figure 13. Pressure Distribution Contours of Dry Gas Seal Film under Different Rotation Speeds
图 14 不同转速下开启力和泄漏量的变化
Figure 14. Variation of Open Force and Leakage under Different Rotation Speeds
表 1 螺旋槽干气密封几何参数
Table 1. Geometric Parameters of Spiral Groove Dry Gas Seal
参数 数值 ro/mm 77.78 ri/mm 58.42 rg/mm 69 hg/μm 4、5、6、7、8 α/(°) 15、20、25 槽台宽比（β） 1 螺旋槽数目（N） 12 ho/μm 4、5、6、7、8 
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表 2 干气密封运行参数
Table 2. Operating Parameters of Dry Gas Seal
参数 数值 进口压力/MPa 1.6、1.8、2.0、2.2、2.4 进口温度/℃ 60 出口压力/MPa 0.1 转速/(r·min−1) 16000、18000、20000、22000、24000
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