Design of 40 kW Dual-drum Controlled Liquid Molten Salt Reactor in Catalogue: Neutronics and Dual-drum Worth Analysis
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摘要: 核裂变反应堆热源（电源）由于没有对日定向需求、受太空环境影响小、功率大且可大幅度调节等诸多优点，有望应用于未来深空探索、星表科考站、星际航行等领域。本文在第四代核反应堆技术-熔盐堆的基础上，提出了一种以液态熔融盐作为核燃料与热管冷却的40 kW空间液态熔盐堆的概念设计，并提出采用控制鼓（调节功率）和安全鼓（紧急停堆）双鼓结合的创新型反应堆反应性控制方案。建立了液态熔盐空间核反应堆物理模型并基于蒙特卡罗程序MCNP和RMC分析获得了堆芯中子能谱、中子通量密度分布、温度效应以及燃耗深度等关键堆芯物理特性，并开展了控制鼓转角对反应性影响以及事故工况下部分双鼓失效下反应性的控制与堆芯安全分析。研究结果表明：本文所设计的40 kW空间液态熔盐堆可实现满功率运行10 a，控制鼓布置能够满足部分控制鼓或安全鼓失效下的堆芯安全要求。本研究可为空间液态熔盐堆的控制方案提供设计参考。Abstract: The heat source (power supply) of nuclear fission reactor is expected to be applied to deep space exploration, catalog scientific research station, interstellar navigation and other fields in the future due to its many advantages, such as no demand for solar orientation, small impact from space environment, large power range and large regulation range. Based on the fourth generation nuclear reactor technology—molten salt reactor, this paper proposes a conceptual design for a 40 kW space nuclear reactor utilizing liquid molten salt as nuclear fuel coupled with heat pipe cooling. A new reactivity control strategy combining control drum (for power regulation) and safety drum (for emergency shutdown) is proposed. The physical model of liquid molten salt space nuclear reactor is established, and the key physical characteristics of the core, such as neutron energy spectrum, neutron flux distribution, temperature effect and burnup depth, are obtained based on the Monte Carlo code MCNP and RMC analysis. The influence of control drum angle on reactivity and the reactivity control and core safety under partial failure of dual drums are further analyzed. The results show that the liquid molten salt space nuclear reactor designed in this paper can operate at full power for 10 years. The control drum arrangement can meet the core safety requirements under the failure of some control drums. This research can provide design reference for the control strategy of space liquid molten salt reactor and space reactor.
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Key words:
- Space nuclear reactor /
- Liquid molten salt nuclear reactor /
- Control drum /
- Safety drum
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图 4 堆芯相对中子通量密度沿径向及轴向变化
Figure 4. Neutron Flux Distribution along Radial and Axial Directions
图 8 不同运行温度下keff随控制鼓转动角度变化
Figure 8. keff versus Control Drum Rotation Angle at Different Operating Temperatures
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