基于热管传热的斯特林高温部件CFD敏感性研究

游尔胜; 李依依; 幸奠川; 蒋顺利; 王甜蜜; 徐建军

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2025.S1.0220

基于热管传热的斯特林高温部件CFD敏感性研究

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2025.S1.0220

游尔胜^{1, 2,},
李依依^{1, 2},
幸奠川^{1, 2},
蒋顺利^{1, 2},
王甜蜜^{1, 2},
徐建军^{1, 2}

1.
中国核动力研究设计院核反应堆技术全国重点实验室，成都，610213
2.
中国核动力研究设计院中核核反应堆热工水力技术重点实验室，成都，610213

基金项目: 国防科技重点实验室军科委基金（JKJJ-0124-0502-02）

详细信息

作者简介:
游尔胜（1992—），男，博士研究生，现主要从事新型核反应堆技术方面的研究，E-mail: youersheng@126.com

中图分类号: TL331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-06
- 修回日期: 2025-03-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-15

CFD Sensitivity Study of Stirling High Temperature Components Based on Heat Pipe Heat Transfer

You Ersheng^{1, 2
,},
Li Yiyi^{1, 2},
Xing Dianchuan^{1, 2},
Jiang Shunli^{1, 2},
Wang Tianmi^{1, 2},
Xu Jianjun^{1, 2}

1.
National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China
2.
CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China

摘要

摘要: 热管-斯特林耦合结构是热管堆系统中热管传热管束与斯特林发电机的几何和传热接口，负责将热管传递过来的堆芯热量传递给斯特林发电机内部的氦气工质。本文采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对热管-斯特林耦合结构的传热过程进行了计算分析，研究了多种冷、热边界对有效传热量、总传热温差等特征参数以及孔道表面温度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明，氦气侧换热能力对传热过程有一定影响，提高对流换热系数或降低氦气温度有利于进一步提高有效传热量。相比之下，热管侧边界条件对传热过程的影响更大，有可能在耦合结构的起始位置造成很大的温度梯度，使总传热温差明显变大，进而影响热管传热安全。因此，需要增强热管向斯特林高温部件的传热能力，并将最大热流密度限制在150 kW/m²以下，以确保热管堆系统运行过程中的热工安全。
- 边界敏感性 /
- 计算流体动力学（CFD）计算 /
- 斯特林传热单元 /
- 热管堆
Abstract: The heat pipe-Stirling coupling structure refers to the geometric and heat transfer interface between heat pipe bundles and the Stirling generator in the heat-pipe nuclear reactor system, responsible for transferring core heat from the heat pipes to the helium working fluid inside the Stirling engine. This study employs the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to numerically analyze the heat transfer process in the heat pipe-Stirling coupling structure, investigating the influence of various cold and hot boundary conditions on characteristic parameters such as effective heat transfer capacity, total temperature difference, and temperature distribution on the channel surface. The results show that the heat transfer capacity of helium side has a certain influence on the heat transfer process, and increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient or decreasing the helium temperature is beneficial to further improve the effective heat transfer. In contrast, the boundary conditions on the heat pipe side have a greater influence on the heat transfer process, which may cause a large temperature gradient at the initial position of the coupling structure and obviously increase the total heat transfer temperature difference, thus affecting the heat transfer safety of the heat pipe. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the heat transfer capability from heat pipes to Stirling high-temperature components while limiting the maximum heat flux density below 150 kW/m² to ensure thermal safety during heat pipe reactor system operation.
- Boundary condition sensitivity /
- Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation /
- Stirling heat transfer unit /
- Heat pipe reactor

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图 1 双机对置式斯特林发电机结构示意图

Figure 1. Stirling Engines of Double Opposite Type

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 热管-斯特林耦合结构的典型单元

Figure 2. Typical Unit of the Heat Pipe-Stirling Coupling Structure

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图 3 耦合结构传热功率随氦气冷却能力的变化

Figure 3. Variation of Coupling Structure Heat Transfer Power with Cooling Capacity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 热管孔道传热功率随氦气温度的变化

Figure 4. Variation of Heat Transfer Power in Heat Pipe Channels with Helium Temperature

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 热管孔道传热功率随对流换热系数的变化

h—对流换热系数

Figure 5. Variation of Heat Transfer Power in Heat Pipe Channels with the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient

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图 6 总传热功率随加热条件的变化

Figure 6. Variation of Heat Transfer Power with Heating Conditions

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图 7 总传热温差随热管表面热流密度的变化

Figure 7. Variation of Total Heat Transfer Temperature Difference with Heat Flux Density

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图 8 等壁温边界下的温度场计算结果（工况2-1）

Figure 8. Calculated Temperature Field under Constant Wall Temperature Boundary Condition (Case 2-1)

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图 9 等热流边界下的温度场计算结果（工况4-3）

Figure 9. Calculated Temperature Field under Constant Heat Flux Boundary Condition (Case 4-3)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 等热流边界条件下的各项传热温差

Figure 10. Separate Heat Transfer Temperature Difference under Constant Heat Flux Boundary Condition

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图 11 等壁温与等热流的孔道表面温度对比

Figure 11. Comparison of Channel Surface Temperature between Two Boundary Conditions

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表 1 冷端边界的敏感性计算工况

Table 1. Sensitivity Calculation of Cold-side Boundary

工况	边界条件	孔道壁温/℃	氦气温度/℃	对流换热系数/ (W·m⁻²·K⁻¹)
1-0	等壁温边界	850	700	4000
1-1	等壁温边界	850	600	4000
1-2	等壁温边界	850	650	4000
1-3	等壁温边界	850	750	4000
1-4	等壁温边界	850	800	4000
2-1	等壁温边界	850	700	2000
2-2	等壁温边界	850	700	3000
2-3	等壁温边界	850	700	5000
2-4	等壁温边界	850	700	6000

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 多种冷端边界条件下的CFD计算结果

Table 2. CFD Simulation Results under Different Cold-side Boundaries

工况	传热功率与偏差				传热温差
工况	总传热功率/kW	最大单孔传热功率/kW	最小单孔传热功率/kW	孔道传热功率偏差/%	总温差/℃	固体导热温差/℃	氦气换热温差/℃
1-0	225.0	6.14	5.05	9.7	150	81.8	68.2
1-1	375.0	10.20	8.41	9.7	250	136.2	113.8
1-2	300.0	8.19	6.73	9.7	200	109.0	91.0
1-3	150.0	4.10	3.36	9.7	100	54.5	45.5
1-4	75.0	2.05	1.68	9.7	50	27.2	22.8
2-1	150.8	4.07	3.56	6.8	150	58.5	91.5
2-2	192.7	5.24	4.41	8.6	150	72.0	78.0
2-3	251.0	6.87	5.55	10.6	150	89.1	60.9
2-4	272.6	7.48	5.96	11.2	150	94.9	55.1

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 热端边界的敏感性计算工况

Table 3. Sensitivity Calculation of Hot-side Boundary

工况	边界条件	孔道壁温/℃	热流密度/ (kW·m⁻²)	氦气温度/℃	对流换热系数/ (W·m⁻²·K⁻¹)
1-0	等壁温边界	850		700	4000
3-1	等壁温边界	750		700	4000
3-2	等壁温边界	800		700	4000
3-3	等壁温边界	900		700	4000
3-4	等壁温边界	950		700	4000
4-1	等热流边界		150	700	4000
4-2	等热流边界		200	700	4000
4-3	等热流边界		250	700	4000
4-4	等热流边界		300	700	4000
4-5	等热流边界		350	700	4000

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 多种热端边界条件下的CFD计算结果

Table 4. CFD Simulation Results under Different Hot-side Boundaries

工况	传热功率与偏差				传热温差
工况	总传热功率/kW	最大单孔传热功率/kW	最小单孔传热功率/kW	孔道传热功率偏差/%	总温差/℃	固体导热温差/℃	氦气换热温差/℃
1-0	225.0	6.14	5.05	9.7	150.0	81.8	68.2
3-1	75.0	2.05	1.68	9.7	50.0	27.2	22.8
3-2	150.0	4.10	3.36	9.7	100.0	54.5	45.5
3-3	300.0	8.19	6.73	9.7	200.0	109.0	91.0
3-4	375.0	10.20	8.41	9.7	250.0	136.2	113.8
4-1	91.5	2.48	1.99	10.5	114.7	86.9	27.8
4-2	122.1	3.30	2.66	10.5	152.9	115.9	37.0
4-3	152.6	4.13	3.32	10.5	191.2	144.9	46.3
4-4	183.1	4.95	3.99	10.5	229.4	173.8	55.6
4-5	213.6	5.78	4.65	10.5	267.6	202.8	64.8

下载: 导出CSV

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