Abstract: The positioning test of spent fuel racks is a key test in the commissioning of nuclear fuel handling and storage system. It directly affects the safety and efficiency of the receiving and storage of nuclear fuel assemblies. In this paper, the traditional manual positioning test method is studied, and an automatic positioning test method based on the machine vision technology is proposed. Engineering application shows that this method can greatly improve the efficiency of positioning test and reduce the need of manpower. Furthermore, it is also effective in the exclusion of foreign material and the protection of finished products. Therefore, it has considerable benefits in economic, safety and quality.