Abstract: In order to monitor the operation status of the main pump of the reactor, this paper designs a sound acquisition device for the project by using common tools such as pickup equipment and recording equipment from the point of view of simplicity and effectiveness, and collect the sound of the environment, motor end bearing and pump end bearing of four main pumps in different ways. The frequency spectrum of the collected sound signal is analyzed by MATLAB software, and the frequency and wavelength data are obtained. Then the operation status of the main pump is obtained by waveform comparison and spectrum data analysis. The results show that the sound frequencies of the four main pump bearings are mostly concentrated in the low frequency band, and there are abnormalities in the operation sounds of the 2# main pump and the 4# main pump bearings. The results are consistent with the actual situation.