Abstract: In order to improve the design efficiency and the design performance of the reactor radiation shielding structure and reduce the subjective experience of the traditional radiation shielding design method, this paper studies the multi-objective optimization method of the reactor shielding structure based on the non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm. A multi-objective optimization analysis program for the reactor radiation shielding design is developed. The optimization method and the calculation program are preliminarily verified by the typical reactor radiation shielding structure model. The results show that the non-dominated genetic algorithm can be applied in the design of the radiation shielding structure correctly and effectively, and the optimization effect is remarkable.