基于CRUD模型的燃料包壳表面离子浓缩的数值模拟研究

高畅; 陈小强; 潘定一; 刘宝君; 曾奇锋

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2024.080022

基于CRUD模型的燃料包壳表面离子浓缩的数值模拟研究

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2024.080022

高畅^{1, 3,},
陈小强²,
潘定一^3, ,,
刘宝君¹,
曾奇锋²

1.
中国核电工程有限公司，北京，100840
2.
上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司，上海，200233
3.
浙江大学航空航天学院工程力学系，杭州，310027

详细信息

作者简介:
高　畅（1997—），女，工程师，主要从事反应堆结构力学研究，E-mail: gaochanga@cnpe.cc

通讯作者:
潘定一， E-mail: dpan@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TL331
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- 文章访问数: 17
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-08
- 修回日期: 2024-11-19
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-15

Numerical Simulation Study of Ion Concentration on Fuel Cladding Surface Based on CRUD Model

1.
China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100840, China
2.
Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200233, China
3.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

摘要

摘要: 在压水堆（PWR）中，一回路冷却剂中锂/钾（Li/K）元素会在燃料包壳表面的沉积物（这些沉积物被称作CRUD）中浓缩，加剧包壳材料锆合金的腐蚀，对燃料寿命及安全性能造成影响，因此，对其开展相关研究具有一定的必要性和紧迫性。本研究采用有限体积法，耦合温度场、压力场以及浓度场建立了Li/K元素在CRUD结构中浓缩过程的数值计算模型（CRUD模型），该模型可根据堆芯的热工、水化学条件设计参数对不同工况下的Li/K元素浓缩情况进行模拟计算。本研究首先通过与前人的计算结果进行对比，验证所建立的CRUD模型的准确性，并基于CRUD模型分析堆芯热工设计参数（冷却剂温度、压力、热流密度等）、一回路冷却剂水化学条件（Li/K浓度）、CRUD形态参数（厚度、孔隙率等）对于Li/K离子浓度分布的影响规律，得到了可用于指导堆芯参数准则设计及燃料包壳材料选材准则设计的规律关系。
- CRUD模型 /
- 多物理场耦合 /
- 有限体积法 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 传热传质
Abstract: In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), the Li/K element in the primary loop coolant will be concentrated in the deposits (CRUD) on the surface of the fuel cladding, which will exacerbate the corrosion of zirconium alloy in cladding materials and have impact on the fuel life and safety performance. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to carry out related research on the phenomenon. Finite volume method, coupled with the relationship between temperature field, pressure field and concentration field, is applied to establish the numerical calculation model of Li/K element in CRUD structure during concentration (CRUD model), which can simulate the concentration of Li/K element under different working conditions according to the design parameters of thermal and hydrochemical conditions of the reactor core. First of all, the accuracy of the CRUD model was verified by comparing with previous calculation results. Then, based on CRUD model, the influence law of core thermal design parameters (coolant temperature, pressure, heat flux, etc.), primary loop coolant water chemical conditions (Li/K concentration), and CRUD morphological parameters (thickness, porosity, etc.) on the distribution of Li/K ion concentration was analyzed, and a regular relationship which can be used to guide the design of reactor core parameter criteria and the design of fuel cladding material selection criteria was obtained.
- CRUD model /
- Multi-physics coupling /
- Finite volume method /
- Numerical simulation /
- Heat and mass transfer

HTML全文

图 1 CRUD物理模型简化示意图

q—给定平均热流密度（简称热流密度）。

Figure 1. Simplified Schematic Diagram of Physical Model

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图 2 CRUD 模型求解器迭代流程图

new—每次迭代更新后的值。

Figure 2. Iteration Flowchart of CRUD Model Solver

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图 3 与Pan等^[2,16]温度及浓度变化结果对比

Figure 3. Comparasion of Temperature and Concentration Variation with Results of Pan et al^[2,16]

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图 4 CRUD厚度对Li离子浓度分布的影响

Figure 4. Influence of Scale Thickness on Li Ion Concentration Distribution

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图 5 Li离子最大浓缩因子随CRUD厚度的变化情况

Figure 5. Variation of Li Ion Maximum Concentration Factor with Scale Thickness

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图 6 孔隙率对Li离子浓度分布的影响

Figure 6. Influence of Porosity on Li Ion Concentration Distribution

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图 7 Li离子最大浓缩因子随孔隙率的变化情况

Figure 7. Variation of Li Ion Maximum Concentration Factor with Porosity

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图 8 Li离子最大浓缩因子随其他参数的变化情况

Figure 8. Variation of Li Ion Maximum Concentration Factor with Other Parameters

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表 1 研究参数及敏感性分析研究范围

Table 1. Study Parameters and Study Scope of Sensitivity Analysis

研究参数	给定取值	敏感性分析研究范围
CRUD厚度/μm	75	5~125
CRUD孔隙率/%	70	50~80
烟囱密度/10⁹ m⁻²	5	1~10
烟囱直径/μm	4	1~7
CRUD平均粒径/μm	2	0.5~5
冷却剂浓度（Li）/10⁻⁴ (kg·m⁻³)	1.07	0.1~10
冷却剂浓度（K）/10⁻⁴ (kg·m⁻³)	1.08	0.1~10
传热系数/ [W·(m·K)⁻¹]	0.8648	0.4~1.6

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表 2 Li离子最大浓缩因子（热流密度q=5.321×10⁵ W/m²）

Table 2. Li Ion Maximum Concentration Factor (Heat flux q=5.321×10⁵ W/m²)

ε	d/μm
ε	5	30	75	100	125
0.5	1.0486	2.1746	8.3124	17.530	37.048
0.6	1.0363	1.7933	4.9131	8.6041	15.077
0.7	1.0287	1.5905	3.5420	5.5274	8.6275
0.8	1.0236	1.4662	2.8373	4.0950	5.9108

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表 3 Li离子最大浓缩因子（热流密度q=8.54×10⁵ W/m²）

Table 3. Li Ion Maximum Concentration Factor (Heat flux q=8.54×10⁵ W/m²)

ε	d/μm
ε	5	30	75	100	125
0.5	1.1625	3.7379	32.391	109.70	395.59
0.6	1.1199	2.6945	13.615	33.647	83.999
0.7	1.0941	2.1979	7.9537	16.280	33.421
0.8	1.0770	1.9144	5.5268	9.9687	18.003

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表 4 K离子最大浓缩因子（热流密度q=5.321×10⁵ W/m²）

Table 4. K Ion Maximum Concentration Factor(Heat flux q=5.321×10⁵ W/m²)

ε	d/μm
ε	5	30	75	100	125
0.5	1.0623	2.1746	14.862	38.544	100.74
0.6	1.0465	2.1045	7.6016	15.532	31.789
0.7	1.0367	1.8061	5.0096	8.8335	15.586
0.8	1.0302	1.6282	3.7761	6.0269	9.6221

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表 5 K离子最大浓缩因子（热流密度q=8.54×10⁵ W/m²）

Table 5. K Ion Maximum Concentration Factor(Heat flux q=8.54×10⁵ W/m²)

ε	d/μm
ε	5	30	75	100	125
0.5	1.2115	5.3658	85.190	433.00	3229.4
0.6	1.1552	3.5356	27.943	89.535	300.50
0.7	1.1214	2.7273	14.058	35.136	88.780
0.8	1.0991	2.2872	8.8347	18.758	39.979

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