Study on the Sealing Performance Analysis and Design Method of Graphite Gasket
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摘要: 为系统研究石墨垫片密封性能分析及设计方法，本文以试验测试、理论计算和数值模拟相结合的手段，建立了石墨垫片力学变形数值分析模型、螺栓-法兰-垫片三维密封分析模型，对垫片压缩回弹特性曲线、螺栓-法兰-垫片协调变形机理、典型工况下密封面接触应力变化规律等进行了研究。研究结果表明，垫片压缩回弹过程具有较强的非线性，整体可分为4个典型变形阶段；压缩回弹数值模拟结果与试验曲线结果吻合良好，数值分析方法正确有效；螺栓-法兰-垫片密封数值分析结果表明，预紧、操作工况下的垫片应力和密封比压力满足性能要求；瞬态工况中，介质压力和温度梯度导致增加的轴向载荷主要由外金属环承担，足够的外金属环径向尺寸对于确保石墨环密封稳定性是非常重要的。Abstract: In order to systematically study the sealing performance analysis and design method of graphite gasket, test, theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are carried out in this paper simultaneously. The graphite gasket mechanical deformation analysis model and three-dimensional bolt-flange-gasket sealing analysis model are established. Characteristic of compression-resilience curve of gasket, coordinated deformation mechanism of bolt-flange-gasket, contact stress variation law under typical working conditions are studied. The study results show that, the compression-resilience process of gasket represents nonlinear deformation which can be divided into four typical deformation stages. Numerical simulation result of compression-resilience fits well with test result curve which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the numerical analysis method. The sealing analysis result of bolt-flange-gasket shows that, the gasket stress and sealing pressure under preloading and working condition all meet the design requirements. In transient condition, the increased axial load caused by medium pressure and temperature gradient is mainly supported by the outer metal ring, and sufficient radial size of the outer metal ring is critical to ensure the sealing stability of the graphite ring.
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Key words:
- Graphite gasket /
- Compression-resilience /
- Gasket stress /
- Contact stress
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图 4 石墨垫片压缩回弹数值分析模型
Figure 4. Compression-resilience Numerical Analysis Model of Graphite Gasket
图 5 加卸载过程接触应力分布情况
Figure 5. Contact Stress Distribution of Graphite Gasket during Loading/Unloading Process
图 6 试验与数值分析压缩回弹曲线对比
Figure 6. Comparison of the Compression-resilience Curve of Test and Numerical Analysis
图 8 预紧工况垫片变形量及密封面接触应力
Figure 8. Gasket Deformation and Contact Stress of Seal Surface at Preload Condition
图 9 操作工况垫片变形量及密封面接触应力
Figure 9. Gasket Deformation and Contact Stress of Seal Surface at Operating Condition
图 10 石墨环径向和周向密封面接触应力分布
Figure 10. Contact Stress Distribution on Radical and Circumferential Seal Surface of Graphite Ring
图 11 瞬态工况密封结构温度和应力分布情况
Figure 11. Temperature and Stress Distribution of Seal Structure at Transient Condition
图 12 瞬态工况4000 s时刻垫片接触应力分布情况
Figure 12. Contact Stress Distribution of Gasket at Transient Condition of 4000s
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