Experimental Research on the Flow Characteristics in the Top Cover Plenum and the Upper Plenum of Pressurized Water Reactor
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摘要: 为获得某先进压水堆顶盖腔室和上腔室内流动特性，利用模化原理，采用1∶5比例设计实验模拟体，在不同主流工况下分别使用粒子图像测速（PIV）技术和自主开发的力传感器，对顶盖腔室内典型区域的流场分布特性进行研究，同时对上腔室出口附近控制棒导向筒组件（CRGT）和支承柱组件的横向水力载荷进行测量。结果表明：均匀与非均匀主流分配工况下，中心热套管喇叭口区域均存在较强烈的漩涡状横流，可能导致该区域热套管承受更强烈的冲击和磨损；CRGT所受载荷普遍高于支承柱，各测点受力方向与堆内冷却剂流向基本相符，载荷大小与测点至上腔室出口的距离呈负相关关系；均匀与非均匀工况下的冷却剂流动特性基本一致，验证了堆型设计的安全保守性。因此本研究对堆内结构力学分析、磨蚀机理分析、流致振动评价及落棒性能分析具有重要意义。Abstract: In order to obtain the flow characteristics in the top cover plenum and the upper plenum of an advanced pressurized water reactor, the flow field distribution characteristics of typical areas in the top cover plenum were studied by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, and transverse hydraulic loads on the control rod guide tube assemblies (CRGT) and the support column assemblies near the outlet of the upper plenum were also measured by self-developed force sensors, under different mainstream flow conditions on a 1∶5 scaled experimental model. The results show that intense whirlpools were found near the central thermal sleeve bell mouth under uniform and non-uniform flow conditions, which may lead to stronger impact and abrasion on central thermal sleeves; loads on CRGTs are generally higher than those on support column assemblies, load directions of measuring points are basically consistent with flow directions of coolant, and the load is negatively correlated with the distance from the measuring point to the outlet of the upper plenum; the flow characteristics of coolant under non-uniform flow condition are basically consistent with those under uniform flow condition, which verifies the conservative safety of the reactor design. Therefore, this study is of great significance for structural mechanics analysis, abrasion mechanism analysis, flow-induced vibration evaluation and falling rod performance analysis.
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Key words:
- Pressurized water reactor /
- Top cover plenum /
- Upper plenum /
- Flow field /
- Transverse hydraulic load
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图 1 实验装置流程图
V—阀门；F—过滤器；IT—加药罐；SV—安全阀；FM—流量计；MAV—电动调节阀门；CHV—止回阀；IP—加药泵。
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Experimental Setup
图 3 光学校正箱示意图与实物图
Figure 3. Schematic Diagram and Photo of Optical Distortion Correction Box
图 10 均匀工况中心热套管喇叭口附近流场
Figure 10. Flow Field around Central Thermal Sleeve Bell Mouth under Uniform Flow Condition
图 11 非均匀工况中心热套管喇叭口附近流场
Figure 11. Flow Field around Central Thermal Sleeve Bell Mouth under Non-uniform Flow Condition
表 1 CRGT横向水力载荷相关参数测量结果
Table 1. Measurement Results of Relevant Parameters for CRGT Transverse Hydraulic Load
工况 M14K/(N·m) cos θy 方向 M13J/(N·m) cos θy 方向 M13L/(N·m) cos θy 方向 1.2Vp
非均匀[53.8,58.0) 0.68 ↙ [20.2,24.4) 0.85 ↙ [49.6,53.8) 0.91 ↙ 1.0Vp
非均匀[37.0,41.2) 0.69 ↙ [16.0,20.2) 0.84 ↙ [32.8,37.0) 0.91 ↙ 1.0Vp
均匀[37.0,41.2) 0.65 ↙ [16.0,20.2) 0.86 ↙ [37.0,41.2) 0.91 ↙ 1.2Vp
均匀[53.8,58.0) 0.66 ↙ [20.2,24.4) 0.83 ↙ [53.8,58.0) 0.87 ↙ 
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表 2 支承柱横向水力载荷相关参数测量结果
Table 2. Measurement Results of relevant parameters of Transverse Hydraulic Load on Support Column Assembly
工况 M13M/(N·m) cos θy 方向 M11M/(N·m) cos θy 方向 M15K/(N·m) cos θy 方向 1.2Vp
非均匀[9.0,
10.5)0.99 ↘ [4.5,6.0) 0.99 ↘ [15.0,16.5) 0.17 ↘ 1.0Vp
非均匀[6.0,
7.5)0.99 ↘ [3.0,4.5) 0.98 ↘ [9.0,
10.5)0.15 ↘ 1.0Vp
均匀[7.5,
9.0)0.97 ↙ [3.0,4.5) 0.94 ↘ [10.5,12.0) 0.15 ↘ 1.2Vp
均匀[10.5,12.0) 0.98 ↙ [4.5,6.0) 0.95 ↘ [16.5,18.0) 0.17 ↘
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