In view of the characteristics of pellets,the relation between perpendicularity and end circular run-out error was analyzed,and the perpendicularity detection system for nuclear fuel pellets was designed.Using the grating displacement transducer for measuring end circular run-out error during the pellet rotation course droved by a rotation stage,the system realized the pellet automatic detection.It obtained the resolution over 0.5μm,the accuracy over 3.0μm and the speed 3 pellets/min,and the functions such as data displaying in real time,rapid storage,alarm,and automatic report generation were endowed.The actual operation results indicated that the system was secure,stable and reliable.