Evelopment Characteristics and Inspiration of Marine Nuclear Power
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摘要: 美国、前苏联/俄罗斯船用核动力技术长期保持世界领先，其发展经验和技术脉络具有极高的参考价值。本文通过对美国、前苏联/俄罗斯船用核动力发展的主要历程和技术进行分析研究，创新总结归纳出其反应堆系统基本型、通用试验平台、差异化配置等共同发展规律，并从管理模式、技术路线以及发展趋势等方面挖掘提炼出美国和前苏联/俄罗斯船用核动力技术遵循的一系列共性特点和差异化特征，可为船用核动力发展提供一定的参考和启示。Abstract: The marine nuclear power technology of the United States and Russia has been leading the world for a long time, and their development experience and technical context have high reference value. Through the analysis and research on the main development process and technology of marine nuclear power in the United States and Russia, this paper innovatively summarizes the common development laws of marine nuclear power in the United States and Russia, such as basic type of reactor system, general test platform and differential configuration from the aspects of technical route and trend, a series of common and differential characteristics followed by marine nuclear power technology in the United States and Russia are excavated and refined, which can provide some reference and enlightenment for the development of marine nuclear power.
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Key words:
- Marine nuclear power /
- Characteristics /
- Rules /
- Inspiration
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图 1 美国陆上模式堆与舰艇反应堆发展脉络图
①—反应堆型号；②—建造服役时间跨度；③—建造数量；④—舰艇型号；⑤—模式堆场址的地址；其余类同
Figure 1. Development Roadmap of U.S. Land-Based Prototype Reactor and Naval Reactor
图 2 前苏联/俄罗斯陆上模式堆与舰艇反应堆发展脉络图
Figure 2. Development Roadmap of the Former Soviet Union/Russia Land-Based Prototype Reactor and Naval Reactor
图 3 美国、前苏联/俄罗斯船用反应堆核事故发生次数统计
Figure 3. Statistics of Nuclear Accidents of Marine Reactors of U.S. and Former Soviet Union/Russia
表 1 美国舰艇反应堆主要热工参数表
Table 1. Major Thermal Parameters of Naval Reactors of U.S.
反应堆型号 S2W S5W S4G S6W S8G A4W S9G 反应堆功率/MW 60 75 60 230 230 500 160 冷却剂平均温度/℃ 245 265 275 ≥290 
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[1] 于俊崇. 船用核动力[M]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2016: 2-5. [2] 许春阳. 美国核动力舰船研制计划近期进展[J]. 研究堆与核动力,2015, 69(1): 6-11. [3] 卢川,张丹,鲜麟. 国外核潜艇反应堆系统事故浅析[J]. 核科学与工程,2017, 37(3): 442-449. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-0918.2017.03.016 [4] 王树宗, 杨学宁, 王立峰, 等. “库尔斯克”号巡航导弹核潜艇[Z]. 武汉: 海军工程大学, 2003. -
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