In order to promote the international market development, China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) has carried out the Generic Design Assessment (GDA) of UK and the European Utility Requirements (EUR) assessment. The structural integrity of the structures, systems and components in nuclear power plant is the focus of international review and certification. In order to meet the requirements of British nuclear safety supervision and EUR, the project team adopted the design concept of analytical method, and completed the structural integrity analysis, evaluation and design improvement of British and European versions of HPR1000 with mechanical analysis, test and demonstration as the key means, which fully met the requirements of British nuclear safety supervision and EUR. Through the HPR1000 international regulatory and certified review, the relevant technical requirements in the field of structural integrity are studied, and the practice and learning in the review process are summarized, which can support the continuous improvement and innovation of HPR1000 technology.
In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of Monte Carlo code in the critical safety calculation of loosely coupled systems, it is necessary to determine the source convergence of the results. In this paper, an improved Shannon entropy diagnose method considering the distribution of fission sources and the statistical deviation weight factor is proposed. The relative deviation of fission sources distribution between adjacent generations and the standard deviation of fission source distribution during source iteration are used as the weight of fission source distribution. Finally, an improved Shannon entropy convergence index is established, which makes up for the shortcomings of traditional Shannon entropy for lacking the details of local fission source. The improved Shannon entropy convergence index is applied to the benchmark problem: spent fuel rod and loosely coupled solution slabs published by OECD/NEA. The results show that compared with the traditional Shannon entropy index, the improved Shannon entropy is more sensitive to the iterative convergence process of fission source, and can more intuitively and accurately determine the convergence of fission source distribution accompanied by source iteration. For a typical case with slow convergence speed, the conclusion of pseudo-convergence is given with the traditional Shannon entropy. The improved Shannon entropy can accurately determine the number of iterations when the source iteration reaches convergence.
In order to analyze the power load-following characteristics of thermionic space reactor power system, TOPAZ-II thermionic space reactor system code is established by using the simulation language of reusable hierarchical component model. The influence of Cs steam pressure and electrode gap on the output power is analyzed. The load tracking operation characteristics of thermionic space reactor power supply in orbit under different load changes are analyzed by using the method of core reactivity feedback and external load resistance collaborative control. The results show that the moderator temperature does not change significantly when the steady-state electric power is 5.5 kW and the electric power varies between 0.95 kW and 7.25 kW, and the reactor has self-stability. Beyond this range, the reactor loses self-stability, which is closely related to the positive temperature reactivity feedback of the moderator.
Grid spring is a critical component of PWR fuel assembly, which provides clamp function for the fuel rod. Stiffness is a critical characteristic of grid spring, which is related to the in-pile operational performance of the fuel rod. According to the grid spring structure and mechanical characteristics, this paper proposes a mechanical analysis model of the grid spring, and the theoretical stiffness calculation formula is obtained through deduction, and the grid spring theoretical stiffness model is also obtained. Furthermore, the finite element stiffness models of grid spring with various sizes are established in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS, and the deformation and stiffness curves of grid spring are obtained by calculation. By comparison between the FEM analysis results and the theoretical calculation ones, the rationality of the theoretical stiffness model is proved, and then the advantages and shortcomings of the theoretical stiffness model are analyzed. The theoretical stiffness model of grid spring proposed for the first time in this paper can be used to replace the finite element iterative process during the design of grid scheme, and the main design dimensions of the optimized scheme can be obtained quickly. However, the theoretical method in this paper cannot replace the experiments, and tests are still needed to determine the stiffness of the grid spring after the scheme is solidified. The grid spring theoretical model in this paper provides a new idea to quickly optimize the fuel assembly grid spring design.
The instrument and control system of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is based on analog electronic technology, and it is planned to be digitized during the 30-year overhaul, during which the first-floor analog system will be completely digitized, but the man-machine interface equipment on the second floor will still be controlled by the hard hand operator in the main control room. According to the market research, four transformation schemes of hand operator based on digital system are preliminarily determined. Finally, the overall transformation scheme of developing new hand operator through standard I/O board interface is determined by considering many factors such as functional consistency, product reliability, technical feasibility, development cost, input/output (I/O) signal distribution efficiency and application feedback. This scheme can realize the optimal interface between the hand operator and the transfomed digital system, and effectively improve the utilization efficiency of I/O board channels. At the same time, through the rich software algorithm block function and digital system fault diagnosis function, the improvement measures such as automatic undisturbed switching of actuator and forced manual switching of process signal quality level are added, which effectively improves the reliability and stability of unit equipment control and provides an important reference scheme for similar digital transformation projects.
The gas cooled reactor is featured with high inherent safety, small size, and a simple start-up process. However, the water ingress accident might occur due to the influence of the working environment or operating status. Based on the design scheme of the Submersion-Subcritical Safe Space(S4) reactor, this work simulated and analyzed the water ingress accident caused by the rupture of the heat transfer tube of the condenser under normal operating conditions, and studied the accident consequences such as the introduction of positive reactivity, the overpressure of the Brayton cycle. This work calculated the influence of spectral shift materials on reactivity introduction during the water ingress process with the Reactor Monte Carlo code RMC. And the temperature and Brayton cycle pressure were calculated during the water ingress process with the gas cooled reactor transient analysis code, HXRTRAN. The results show that when a water ingress accident occurs, 0.5 kg water ingress causes the pressure of the Brayton cycle to exceed 10 MPa, which may lead to larger damage to the condenser pipeline and secondary seawater injection. Meanwhile, water ingress may lead to a large amount of positive reactivity introduction. If spectral shift absorbers, Ir, are added to the fuel surface in the reactor, the core may reduce power or even subcritical shutdown spontaneously in the water ingress accident. When the amount of water vapor exceeds 5 kg, the core power quickly decreases to about 2.2% FP and gradually approaches shutdown. Therefore, the spectral shift materials, Ir, have a significant inhibition effect on the introduction of positive reactivity caused by water ingress of the core.
主要介绍了我国在建、在运核电机组的基本状况和最新进展,以及我国在提升核设施安全水平方面的相关措施。在国家能源局印发的《能源技术创新“十三五”规划》要求之下,我国推出一系列先进核能和小型堆的发展计划,开展了“海洋核动力平台示范工程建设”并建立相关标准。最后总结了中国核电目前面临的挑战和未来的展望。
热管冷却反应堆采用固态反应堆设计理念,通过热管非能动方式导出堆芯热量。本文总结了热管冷却反应堆的概念初创、积极探索、重大突破的发展历程;分析了热管冷却反应堆的技术特点,包括固态属性、固有安全性高、运行特性简单、易于模块化与易扩展和运输特性良好等核心优势;归纳了热管冷却反应堆中热管性能、材料工艺、能量转换等技术现状,并提出热管冷却反应堆进一步发展将面临的材料、制造工艺、运行可维护性等挑战,从而明确了热管冷却反应堆未来的发展趋势,为革新型热管冷却反应堆技术的发展与应用提供良好的方向指引。总体而言,热管冷却反应堆在深空探测与推进、陆基核电源、深海潜航探索等场景中具有广阔的应用前景,有可能成为改变未来核动力格局的颠覆性技术之一。
放射性废液得到有效处理是世界各国核工业迅猛发展的前提,其关键技术的现状和发展方向也是我国核工业界关注的焦点。本文介绍了几种放射性废液处理的传统方法及涌现出的新技术,概述了各种方法的原理及优、缺点,同时讨论了放射性废液处理技术今后的研究方向及发展趋势。
以配置四取中逻辑输入模块的核电厂稳压器数字压力控制装置为研究对象,建立其故障树模型,包括四取中逻辑的动态部分和其他设备的静态部分,采用马尔科夫方法分析动态部分,再根据逻辑关系分析整体故障树,最后,围绕可靠度和重要度评价四取中逻辑的可靠性及其对整个装置可靠性的提升效果,结果表明:四取中逻辑在可靠性方面优化程度相对较高。
“华龙一号”是我国自主设计研发的具有完整知识产权的第三代百万千瓦级压水堆核电技术。本文介绍了“华龙一号”的产生历程,系统论述了“华龙一号”反应堆堆芯与安全设计特点,包括“华龙一号”研发过程中开展的堆芯核设计、热工水力设计、安全设计、设计验证及“华龙一号”持续开展的设计改进与优化等内容,通过采用新的设计理念和设计技术,全面提高了“华龙一号”作为三代核电技术的经济性、灵活性和安全性。
为提高已投入运行核动力装置旋转设备的运行数据采集和状态监测能力,需要解决安装传感器和敷设配套线缆困难的问题。本文采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)作为主控单元,设计了一种基于Zigbee物联网通信技术的智能无线振动传感器,并给出了其电路构成、工作原理,以及嵌入式控制软件的工作流程。通过对此传感器进行性能测试,结果表明该传感器功耗低,实现了对振动信号的连续采集、智能分析与上传。该无线传感器安装简单,无需敷设供电和信号线缆,可应用于构建核动力装置旋转设备的状态监测系统。
为解决核电厂传统监测手段的局限性,提出将核主元分析法(KPCA)引入核电厂设备在线监测领域中,并设计了监测模型建设方法以及在线监测策略。为验证算法的有效性,将其应用在国内某核电机组电动主给水泵的真实监测案例中。仿真结果表明,KPCA算法可适应核电厂设备监测的要求,能比现有阈值监测手段提供更为早期的故障预警。同时,相比于常规的主元分析法(PCA),KPCA算法能够提取各变量之间的非线性关系,识别出设备不同的运行模式,有效减少误报警。
为分析核电厂应急人员在处理严重事故时可能发生的人因失误,通过建立不同应急人员的认知模型及识别相应的行为影响因子,在认知功能的基础上识别出13种人因失误模式:信息来源不足、信息可靠性不佳、过早结束对参数的获取、重要数据处理不正确、缓解措施负面影响评估失误、选择不适用当前情景的策略、延迟决策、遗漏重要信息/警报、延迟发觉、软操作失误、信息反馈失效、设备安装/连接/操作失误、延迟实施,并基于故障树分析得出人因失误模式的主要根原因:交流失效、时间压力、事故发展的不确定性、信息接收延误、监视失误、人-机界面不佳和环境因素。分析结果可用于预测严重事故缓解进程中可能出现的人因失误,为核电厂实施严重事故管理和技术改进,以及保障严重事故工况下核电厂安全提供参考。
介绍了中广核研究院在事故容错燃料(ATF)包壳领域的最新成果,通过预置粉末式脉冲激光熔覆技术,在不同的功率下制备出不同厚度的锆包壳管Cr保护层;通过高温蒸汽氧化增重数据发现,采用半导体脉冲激光熔覆技术、脉冲激光功率50~60 W、螺距0.8~0.9 mm、角速度10°/s等参数条件下制备Cr涂层可以获得较好的抗高温氧化性能,证明保护的效果直接受涂层质量控制。通过SEM分析了涂层的显微结构,采用扩散机理解释了Cr涂层在1200℃下与锆合金基体相容性良好的原因。
为提高核主泵在全工况点的数值模拟精度,研究了数值模拟过程中近壁面网格尺度、湍流模型、流动状态3种因素对计算精度的影响。结果表明,在定常状态下,重整化群(RNG) k-ε湍流模型和标准壁面函数法在近壁面网格尺度(y+)为50左右时具有较高的计算精度,并且其计算精度高于RNG k-ε增强壁面函数法、低雷诺数k-ε和剪切应力传输(SST)k-ω这3种湍流模型的计算精度,但上述不同网格尺度和湍流模型的计算结果均存在较大的计算误差;采用非定常计算时的计算精度明显高于定常计算,能够反映出扬程曲线在关死点附近的驼峰现象,效率的计算精度也有一定改善,更适合于对核主泵进行性能预测。