卧式铅铋堆芯氧化腐蚀特性研究

陆定晟; 王琛; 王成龙; 岳倪娜; 杨平; 田文喜; 苏光辉; 秋穗正

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.03.0096

卧式铅铋堆芯氧化腐蚀特性研究

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.03.0096

1.
西安交通大学核科学与技术学院，西安，710049
2.
中国核动力研究设计院，成都，610213

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2019YFB1901300）

详细信息

作者简介:
陆定晟（2000—），男，硕士研究生，现从事铅基快堆热工水力及杂质特性研究，E-mail: Ldingsheng@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王成龙，E-mail: chlwang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TL334
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-04
- 修回日期: 2022-08-17
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-15

Study on Oxidation Corrosion Characteristics of Horizontal Lead-Bismuth Reactor Core

1.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
2.
Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China

摘要

摘要: 为开展卧式铅铋堆芯氧化腐蚀特性研究，本研究建立液态铅铋氧化腐蚀模型，并基于计算流体动力学方法，运用输运方程源项自定义方法实现耦合计算。研究表明，基准工况下堆芯燃料棒表面氧化层最厚位于出口位置处，中心位置燃料棒表面氧化层厚度显著高于靠近燃料组件盒燃料棒表面氧化层。10000 h后中心位置燃料棒表面仍保持双层氧化层结构，双层氧化层平均总厚度为1.32 μm。本研究提出了铅铋堆芯氧化腐蚀特性数值模拟研究方法，能够用于铅铋堆芯氧化腐蚀的预测。
- 铅铋快堆 /
- 氧化腐蚀 /
- 计算流体动力学（CFD）
Abstract: In order to study the oxidation corrosion characteristics of horizontal lead-bismuth reactor core, a liquid lead-bismuth oxidation corrosion model was established in this study. Based on computational fluid dynamics method, the self-defined source term method of transport equation was used to realize coupling calculation. The results show that the thickest oxidation layer on the fuel rod surface of the reactor core is located at the outlet position under the reference condition, and the oxidation layer on the fuel rod surface at the center is significantly higher than that near the fuel assembly box. After 10,000 hours, the surface of the fuel rod at the center still maintained a double oxide layer structure, and the average total thickness of the double oxide layer was 1.32 μm. This study provides a numerical simulation method for the oxidation corrosion characteristics of lead-bismuth reactor cores, which can be used for the prediction of oxidation corrosion of lead-bismuth reactor cores.
- Lead-bismuth fast reactor /
- Oxidation corrosion /
- Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

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图 1 氧化层厚度模拟与动态实验值对比^[21-22]

Figure 1. Comparison between the Simulation and Dynamic Experimental Results of Oxide Layer Thickness

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图 2 堆芯径向布置和1/6组件选取图

Figure 2. Core Radial Layout and 1/6 Component Selection Diagram

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图 3 壁面网格划分图

Figure 3. Wall Meshing Diagram

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图 4 5 s时燃料棒表面分布云图

Figure 4. Cloud Diagram of Fuel Rod Wall Surface Distribution at 5 s

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图 5 5 s时堆芯出口冷却剂参数分布云图

Figure 5. Cloud Diagram of Outlet Coolant Distribution at 5 s

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图 6 各燃料棒表面双层氧化层平均总厚度

Figure 6. Average Total Oxide Layer Thickness of Each Fuel Rod Wall

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图 7 燃料棒表面各氧化层平均厚度随时间变化

①—总氧化层；②—尖晶石层；③—磁铁矿层

Figure 7. The Average Oxide Layer Thickness of Fuel Rod Wall Varies with Time

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图 8 燃料棒表面氧化层厚度轴向变化

Figure 8. Axial Change of Oxide Layer Thickness on Fuel Rod Wall

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表 1 磁铁矿层中铁扩散系数及氧活性浓度计算式^[15-17]

Table 1. Formula for Calculating Iron Diffusion Coefficient and Oxygen Active Concentration in Magnetite Layer

扩散系数	计算式/值
${D_{\text{v}}}$	$\begin{gathered} 0.177\exp \left( {\dfrac{{ - 14600}}{T}} \right) + 1.16 \times {10^{ - 3}} \times (1 - \eta )\exp \left( { - \dfrac{{8670}}{T}} \right) \\ \eta = \dfrac{1}{{\left[ {1 + 3 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}\exp \left( {\dfrac{{11900}}{T}} \right)} \right]}} \\ \end{gathered} $
${D_{\text{I}}}$	$\dfrac{{1.22 \times {{10}^4}\exp \left( { - \dfrac{{27700}}{T}} \right)}}{{1 + 1.56 \times {{10}^6}\exp \left( { - \dfrac{{20100}}{T}} \right)}}$
${K_{\text{v}}}$	$2.04 \times {10^{ - 7}}\exp \left( {\dfrac{{27170}}{T}} \right)$
${K_{\text{I}}}$	$1.93 \times {10^3}\exp \left( { - \dfrac{{43140}}{T}} \right) + 3.01 \times {10^9}\exp \left( { - \dfrac{{63270}}{T}} \right)$
$ \dfrac{{D_{{\text{sp}}}^{{\text{Topfer}}}({\text{I}})}}{{D_{{\text{mag}}}^{{\text{Topfer}}}({\text{I}})}} $	$3.3 \times {10^{ - 6}} \times {\left( {a_{{{\text{O}}_2}}^{{\text{sp}}/{\text{mag}}}} \right)^{ - 0.18}}$
$ \dfrac{{D_{{\text{sp}}}^{{\text{Topfer}}}({\text{V}})}}{{D_{{\text{mag}}}^{{\text{Torfer}}}({\text{V}})}} $	0.7
$a_{{{\text{O}}_2}}^{{\text{T}}91/{\text{sp}}}$	$\begin{gathered} a_{ {\text{Fe} } }^{ - \frac{3}{2} }\exp \left( {\dfrac{ {\Delta {G^0} } }{ {RT} } } \right) \\ {a_{ {\text{Fe} } } } = 0.9 \\ \Delta {G^0} = - 549.05 + 0.1531T \\ \end{gathered}$
$a_{{{\text{O}}_2}}^{{\text{mag}}/{\text{LM}}}$	$\begin{gathered} \exp \left( {2\dfrac{ {\Delta G_{^{\text{O} } }^0} }{ {RT} } + 2\ln \dfrac{ { {M_{_{^ {\text{LM} } } } } } }{ { {M_{_{^{\text{O} }}} } } } + 2\ln {C_{_{^{\text{O} }}} } } \right) \\ \Delta G_{^{\text{O} } }^0 = - 127 + 0.0279T \\ \end{gathered}$
T—局部温度，K；C_O—氧浓度，%；$\Delta {G^0}$和$\Delta G_{^{\text{O}}}^0$—分别为氧化反应四氧化三铁和氧化铅的吉布斯自由能，kJ/mol；M_LM、M_O—分别为铅铋与氧的相对分子（原子）质量

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表 2 堆芯主要几何及基准运行工况参数

Table 2. Main Core Geometric Parameters and Standard Operating Conditions

参数	参数值
反应堆热功率/MW	1.5
燃料棒直径/mm	9.0
燃料棒中心距/mm	10.17
燃料组件内边间距/mm	123.3
堆芯活性区高度/mm	290
燃料棒总数量/根	889
冷却剂入口温度/℃	300
冷却剂总流量/(kg·s⁻¹)	201.28
冷却剂运行压力/MPa	0.1

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表 3 主要模拟计算条件参数

Table 3. Main Simulated Calculation Condition Parameters

边界	条件设置	数值
入口	速度边界/(m·s⁻¹)	0.657
	温度/℃	300
	氧浓度	1×10⁻⁸
出口	压力边界/Pa	0
燃料棒表面	热流密度/(W·m⁻²)	如式（15）所示
绝热壁面	无滑移壁面

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表 4 网格划分情况表

Table 4. Meshing Table

划分方案	网格1	网格2	网格3	网格4
网格总数量	573万	746万	934万	1064万
轴向氧浓度相对误差/%	8	2	1
径向壁面切应力相对误差/%	1.1	0.6	0.3

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