Study on Load-Following Characteristics of a Thermionic Space Reactor Power System
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摘要: 为分析热离子空间堆电源负荷跟踪运行特性，本研究采用可复用的层次化组件模型的Fortran语言建立热离子空间堆TOPAZ-II系统程序。分析了铯蒸汽压力和电极间隙对输出电功率的影响，利用堆芯反应性反馈和外部负载电阻协同控制的方法，分析不同载荷变化下热离子空间堆电源在轨运行的负荷跟踪运行特性。结果表明对于稳态电功率为5.5 kW的工况，电功率在0.95~7.25 kW之间变化时，慢化剂温度不会发生明显变化，此时堆芯具有自稳特性；超过这个范围，堆芯则失去自稳特性，这与慢化剂的正温度反应性反馈密切相关。Abstract: In order to analyze the power load-following characteristics of thermionic space reactor power system, TOPAZ-II thermionic space reactor system code is established by using the simulation language of reusable hierarchical component model. The influence of Cs steam pressure and electrode gap on the output power is analyzed. The load tracking operation characteristics of thermionic space reactor power supply in orbit under different load changes are analyzed by using the method of core reactivity feedback and external load resistance collaborative control. The results show that the moderator temperature does not change significantly when the steady-state electric power is 5.5 kW and the electric power varies between 0.95 kW and 7.25 kW, and the reactor has self-stability. Beyond this range, the reactor loses self-stability, which is closely related to the positive temperature reactivity feedback of the moderator.
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Key words:
- Thermionic space reactor power system /
- Code development /
- Load-following
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图 4 燃料元件温度瞬态变化对比
Figure 4. Comparison of Transient Changes in Fuel Element Temperature
图 5 堆芯冷却剂进出口温度瞬态变化对比
Figure 5. Comparison of Transient Temperature Changes at Inlet and Outlet of Core Coolant
图 8 电功率升高时慢化剂温度变化
Figure 8. Variation of Moderator Temperature with Increasing Electric Power
图 9 电功率降低时慢化剂温度变化
Figure 9. Variation of Moderator Temperature with Decreasing Electric Power
表 1 系统参数表
Table 1. System Parameters
参数 参数值 参数 参数值 堆芯直径/mm 260 冷却剂质量流量/
(kg·s−1)1.3 堆芯高度/mm 375 冷却剂入口温度/K 743 额定热功率/kW 115 冷却剂出口温度/K 843 输出电功率/kW 4.5~5.5 一回路管道材料 不锈钢 燃料元件数量 37 TFE发射极材料 Mo-3%Nb 燃料材料 UO2(96%富集度) TFE收集极材料 钼 装载燃料质量/kg 27 TFE隔离层材料 Al2O3 堆芯冷却剂 NaK(78%K) 有效散热面积/m2 7.2 慢化层材料 ZrH1.85 散热单元材料 铜 
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表 2 稳态结果验证
Table 2. Verification of Steady-state Results
参数 计算值 文献值 堆芯冷却剂进口温度/K 742.6 743 堆芯冷却剂出口温度/K 842.7 843 堆芯冷却剂进出口温差/K 100.1 100 堆芯裂变热功率/kW 114.95 115 产生电功率/kW 5.526 5.5
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