Study on Fretting Wear Behavior of Pre-oxidized Zircaloy Cladding in High Temperature and High Pressure Water
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摘要: 为深入研究在实际服役过程中包壳随氧化时间变化后的微动磨损情况，采用过热水蒸气氧化的手段制备了多种预氧化包壳，并使用自制的高温高压切向微动磨损试验机开展了模拟压水堆运行工况的微动磨损试验，测量了基材以及经过不同时间预氧化后包壳的体积磨损系数。研究结果表明，预氧化之后包壳表面硬度比基体提高了2~3倍，而磨损系数降低了约90%。在包壳表层生成的一层致密氧化层是导致其磨损系数变化的重要原因，氧化时间越长，氧化层越厚，氧化时间为200 d的包壳磨损系数最低。此外，氧化层的存在导致锆合金包壳在高温高压水环境下的微动磨损机理从严重磨粒磨损和分层转变为轻微磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。Abstract: To further study the fretting wear of of claddings with the change of oxidation time in practical service, a variety of pre-oxidized claddings were prepared by superheated steam oxidation. In this study, a self-made high-temperature and high-pressure tangential fretting wear tester was used to carry out fretting wear tests simulating the operation conditions of PWR, and the volume wear coefficients of the substrate and the cladding after pre-oxidation at different times were measured. The results show that the surface hardness of the cladding is 2~3 times higher than that of the substrate, and the wear coefficient is reduced by about 90%. A dense oxide layer formed on the surface layer of cladding is an important reason for the change in its wear coefficient. The longer the oxidation time, the thicker the oxide layer, and the cladding with an oxidation time of 200 d has the lowest wear coefficient. In addition, the existence of oxide layer causes the fretting wear mechanism of zircaloy cladding to change from serious abrasive wear and layering to slight abrasive wear and adhesive wear in high temperature and high pressure water environment.
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Key words:
- Pre-oxidation /
- Zircaloy /
- High temperature and high pressure water /
- Fretting wear
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图 1 经不同时间预氧化的包壳和格架试样形貌示意图
Figure 1. Morphology of Claddings and Grid with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 2 经不同时间预氧化的基体包壳表面形貌
Figure 2. Surface Morphology of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 3 经不同时间预氧化的包壳XRD图谱、表面粗糙度和表面硬度
2θ—衍射角度
Figure 3. XRD Pattern, Surface Roughness and Hardness of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 4 经不同时间预氧化的包壳力位移曲线、纳米硬度、弹性模量、H/E和H3/E2比值
Figure 4. Load-displacement Curves, Nano-hardness, Elastic Modulus, H/E and H3/E2 Values of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 5 经不同时间预氧化包壳的截面形貌及能谱分析
Figure 5. Cross-section Morphology and EDS Spectrum of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 6 经不同时间预氧化的包壳氧化层厚度与腐蚀增重曲线
Figure 6. Thickness of Oxide Layer and Corrosion Weight Gain Curve of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 7 经不同时间预氧化处理的包壳磨痕光镜形貌
Figure 7. Optial Microscope Morphology of Wear Scar of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 8 经不同时间预氧化处理的包壳磨痕三维形貌
Figure 8. 3D Morphology of Wear Scar of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 9 经不同时间预氧化处理的包壳磨损结果
Figure 9. Wear Results of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
图 10 经不同时间预氧化处理的包壳磨痕SEM形貌
Figure 10. SEM Morphology of Wear Scar of Claddings with Different Pre-oxidation Time
表 1 图10中点1~14的元素成分结果 （质量分数，%）
Table 1. EDS Results of Sites 1-14 in Figure 10 (mass fraction, %)
元素 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Zr 79.2 75.74 77.41 75.8 69.4 71.1 74.4 66.4 91.4 90.9 75.2 69.3 77.6 79.8 O 18.07 22.04 20.11 21.3 28.5 27.9 23.3 32.3 5.9 7.0 22.6 28.3 19.6 18.2 Sn 0.79 0.74 0.61 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.1 Nb 1.72 1.41 1.67 1.7 0.6 0 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.5 0.8 Fe 0.23 0.08 0.19 0.1 0.4 0 0.6 0.2 0.4 0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 
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