Study on the Steady γ-Radiolysis of Ammonia Solution

Guo Zifang; Yang Yu; Lin Mingzhang; Cao Qi; Tang Jia; Lin Yunliang; Lin Zijian

doi:10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.03.0217

Volume 44 Issue 3

Jun. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Nuclear Power Engineering > 2023 > 44(3): 217-222

Guo Zifang, Yang Yu, Lin Mingzhang, Cao Qi, Tang Jia, Lin Yunliang, Lin Zijian. Study on the Steady γ-Radiolysis of Ammonia Solution[J]. Nuclear Power Engineering, 2023, 44(3): 217-222. doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.03.0217

Citation:

Guo Zifang, Yang Yu, Lin Mingzhang, Cao Qi, Tang Jia, Lin Yunliang, Lin Zijian. Study on the Steady γ-Radiolysis of Ammonia Solution[J]. Nuclear Power Engineering, 2023, 44(3): 217-222. doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.03.0217

Citation:

PDF( 2596 KB)

Study on the Steady γ-Radiolysis of Ammonia Solution

doi: 10.13832/j.jnpe.2023.03.0217

Guo Zifang^1
,,
Yang Yu^{1, 2},
Lin Mingzhang^{1
,
,},
Cao Qi²,
Tang Jia²,
Lin Yunliang¹,
Lin Zijian¹

1.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
2.
Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China

Received Date: 2022-07-01
Rev Recd Date: 2022-07-13
Publish Date: 2023-06-15

Abstract

Abstract

Ammonia is applied in the coolant to eliminate the O₂ and H₂O₂ in the PWR, thus mitigating the corrosion of structural materials. The present work studied the γ-radiolysis of ammonia solution under different conditions including ammonia concentration, absorbed dose, absorbed dose rate, gas-liquid volume ratio, and different saturated gases. The results show that ammonia significantly inhibits H₂O₂ because of the consumption of H₂O₂ and suppression of its precursors. The concentration of NO₂⁻ rises with the ammonia concentration . Ammonia is continuously consumed as irradiation progresses, while the concentration of H₂O₂ increases significantly with the absorbed dose. The NO₂⁻ reaches a peak maximum (> 100 μmol/L) when the absorbed dose is 8 kGy. However, NO₂⁻ has a drop when the absorbed dose grows further, due to the fact O₂ oxidizes NO₂⁻ into NO₃⁻. The concentrations of H₂O₂ and NO₂⁻ are not obviously affected within the absorbed dose rate range (2.78~25 Gy/min). The presence of O₂ is critical to the formation of NO₂⁻, though excessive O₂ in the system could lead to the oxidization of NO₂⁻ by increasing the oxidizing species. Besides, the oxygen dissolved in aqueous ammonia promotes the production of H₂O₂. This work is expected to provide a helpful reference for the optimization of the ammonia-containing coolant system.
- Ammonia,
- Coolant,
- Radiolysis,
- Reactor,
- Water chemistry

FullText(HTML)

References(19)

References

[1]	WREN J C. Steady-state radiolysis: effects of dissolved additives[M]. United States: ACS Publications, 2010: 271-295.
[2]	UCHIDA S, KATSUMURA Y. Water chemistry technology – one of the key technologies for safe and reliable nuclear power plant operation[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2013, 50(4): 346-362. doi: 10.1080/00223131.2013.773171
[3]	ELLIOT A, BARTELS D. The reaction set, rate constants and g-values for the simulation of the radiolysis of light water over the range 20℃ to 350℃ based on information available in 2008: AECL-153-127160-450-001[R]. Canada: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 2009
[4]	DAUB K, ZHANG X, NOËL J J, et al. Effects of γ-radiation versus H₂O₂ on carbon steel corrosion[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55(8): 2767-2776. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.028
[5]	BULANOV A V, KOLESOV B I, LUKASHENKO M L, et al. Radiolysis of ammonia in the first-loop coolant of reactors in floating power-generating units[J]. Atomic Energy, 2000, 88(5): 368-372. doi: 10.1007/BF02680531
[6]	HICKEL B, SEHESTED K. Reaction of hydroxyl radicals with ammonia in liquid water at elevated temperatures[J]. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 1992, 39(4): 355-357. doi: 10.1016/1359-0197(92)90244-A
[7]	PAGSBERG P B. Investigation of the NH2 radical produced by pulse radiolysis of ammonia in aqueous solution: RISØ-256[R]. Denmark: Danish Atomic Energy Commission, 1972.
[8]	NETA P, MARUTHAMUTHU P, CARTON P M, et al. Formation and reactivity of the amino radical[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1978, 82(17): 1875-1878. doi: 10.1021/j100506a004
[9]	LUZAKOV A V, BULANOV A V, VERKHOVSKAYA A O, et al. Radiation-chemical removal of corrosion hydrogen from VVER first-loop coolant[J]. Atomic Energy, 2008, 105(6): 402-407. doi: 10.1007/s10512-009-9115-4
[10]	RIGG T, SCHOLES G, WEISS J. 580. Chemical actions of ionising radiations in solutions. Part X. The action of X-rays on ammonia in aqueous solution[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 1952: 3034-3038.
[11]	DWIBEDY P, KISHORE K, DEY G R, et al. Nitrite formation in the radiolysis of aerated aqueous solutions of ammonia[J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 1996, 48(6): 743-747. doi: 10.1016/S0969-806X(96)00037-0
[12]	GHORMLEY J A. Warming curves for the condensed product of dissociated water vapor and for hydrogen peroxide glass[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1957, 79(8): 1862-1865. doi: 10.1021/ja01565a025
[13]	SHINN M B. Colorimetric method for determination of nitrate[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition, 1941, 13(1): 33-35.
[14]	LIU Z, FANG Z, WANG L, et al. Alpha radiolysis of nitric acid aqueous solution irradiated by ²³⁸Pu source[J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 2017, 28(4): 54. doi: 10.1007/s41365-017-0200-4
[15]	BUXTON G V, GREENSTOCK C L, HELMAN W P, et al. Critical Review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (·OH/·O⁻) in Aqueous Solution[J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1988, 17(2): 513-886. doi: 10.1063/1.555805
[16]	彭静, 郝燕, 魏根栓, 等. 辐射化学基础教程[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2015: 186-187.
[17]	STEINBERG M. Irradiation of NH₃-H₂O solutions for formation of hydrazine: BNL-613(T-183)[R]. United States: Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1960
[18]	BUXTON G V, DAINTON F S. Radical and molecular yields in the γ-radiolysis of water. II. The potassium iodide-nitrous oxide system in the pH range 0 to 14[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1965, 287(1411): 427-443.
[19]	SCHULER R H, PATTERSON L K, JANATA E. Yield for the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals in the radiolysis of nitrous oxide-saturated aqueous solutions[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1980, 84(16): 2088-2089. doi: 10.1021/j100453a020